Degradação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo por Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) L. B. Sm. & Downs : estudo por cromatografia a gas e análise microbiológica

• Autor(a) principal: Ramos, Débora Toledo
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2355
• topic: Petróleo - Hidrocarbonetos; Cromatografia de gás; Solos - Degradação; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA

Petrolific activities in Brazil had an accelerated development in the last years, as consequence, the incidence of environmental accidents such as oil spills, contamination of soils and oceans has increased significantly, causing deleterious effects on animals and plants of the region. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to develop remediation techniques which represent not only low cost advantages but also decontamination efficiency and impact minimization. Sebastiania commersoniana was the specie selected due to its proved capacity of surviving and growing in an area where an accident of four millions of oil spill took place. The aim of the present work was to evaluate Sebastiania commersoniana phytoremediation potential, aiming to provide scientific data that might prove the effectiveness of this plant to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. Experiments were carried out with soils freshly contaminated with petroleum without plant contact and soils contaminated with petroleum with sixty days and four hundred and twenty four days of contact with the plant, with the purpose of evaluating the percentage of petroleum degradation in relation to the time demanded – as time is considered a limitation of the technique. The analysis of the homologous series of petroleum was made by gas chromatography associated with microbiological and morphological analysis, in order to allow better comprehension of the remediation process. In order to identify the components of the homologous series of petroleum, GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer) analysis was performed and results revealed that such components represent a sequence of alkanes with an increasing number of carbons. Sebastiania commersoniana had an intensified growth during summer time, consequently plant height and number of leaves increased too, contributing to the decontamination process. Microorganism density in the soil was proportional to petroleum concentration in the samples, indicating that the presence of such compound is able to stimulate microorganisms’ growth which can also play an important role on decontamination process. Samples in contact with Sebastiania commersoniana during 60 days, showed a significant reduction of the peaks areas that represent the homologous series. Results of samples in contact with the plant during 424 days revealed a reduction of the peaks areas above ninety percent in all samples. For these reason, it can be concluded that Sebastiania commersoniana was able to accelerate decontamination process because at 60 days, a great significant petroleum hydrocarbons reduction was noticed. Therefore, Sebastiania commersoniana can be indicated to take part in phytoremediation process of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.