Avaliação da erosão a jusante de vertedouros providos de pilares de seção variável como alternativa ambiental: estudo em modelo hidráulico reduzido

• Autor(a) principal: Cruz, Sabrina Torchelsen
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/1850
• topic: Gestão ambiental; Impacto ambiental; Erosão; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA

To meet the needs of society, man changes the natural landscape in different ways, for example by setting up large areas for agriculture, by building roads and railways, housing, and by a variety of other infrastructure works, such as the construction of dams on watercourses to form reservoirs. Such hydraulic structures modify river conditions, may increase the erosion process downstream of spillways, and may cause environmental impacts that may damage various ecosystems in the aquatic environment. Given this concern, in the search for solutions that make the operation of reservoirs safer and more efficient, flaring piers stand out. Their use increases energy dissipation, since they cause flow contraction due to the widening of the column section in the flow direction. The present study evaluated erosion downstream from spillways for 40 tests with varying geometry (five contraction ratios, four dissipation basin lengths and two downstream water levels). The results showed that spillways with flaring piers can be an alternative to transpose the flow from one level to another, returning it to the natural course more safely. The alternative with contraction ratio η = 0.45 associated with a dissipation basin 53.63 m long, which is half as long as the conventional basin, presented the best result. Thus, this could be indicated as an environmental solution to be applied to spillways with characteristics similar to those tested, since they reduce erosion, and, consequently, the volume of downstream material deposited and sediment transport, and thus can reduce environmental impacts to fauna and geology downstream of spillways.