Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura?
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
| Tipo de documento: | Trabalho de conclusão de curso |
| Idioma: | por |
| Título da fonte: | Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas |
| Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/3341 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Women affected can be by multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease, whose neurological outbreaks can lead to incapacitation, making the decision to get pregnant to be need very well thought, as pregnancy can bring risks to the mother and the fetus. Objective: To describe the safety of pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A narrative literature review, with a search for articles in the Lilacs, Medline - Pubmed databases, indexed in the Virtual Health Library, through inclusion criteria such as publication in Portuguese, English and Spanish; in the period from 2016 to July 2021; complete and free article; content about multiple sclerosis in women. Result: Twenty articles selected were, only two of which presented research carried out in Brazil. Discussion: From the analysis of the articles, it observed was that women with multiple sclerosis have increased the desire to have children, based on medical and pharmacological advances. They also rely on research, which show that pregnancy is safe, as long as it’s done with follow-up, and the risks are similar to those of healthy pregnant women. Final considerations: Studies on the subject are mostly longitudinal, with long-term follow-up of women with multiple sclerosis, in order to present relevant data that can support the decision to become pregnant. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy. Prevention and control. |
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Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura?Esclerose múltiplaGravidezPrevenção e controle4.04.02.00-2Introduction: Women affected can be by multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease, whose neurological outbreaks can lead to incapacitation, making the decision to get pregnant to be need very well thought, as pregnancy can bring risks to the mother and the fetus. Objective: To describe the safety of pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A narrative literature review, with a search for articles in the Lilacs, Medline - Pubmed databases, indexed in the Virtual Health Library, through inclusion criteria such as publication in Portuguese, English and Spanish; in the period from 2016 to July 2021; complete and free article; content about multiple sclerosis in women. Result: Twenty articles selected were, only two of which presented research carried out in Brazil. Discussion: From the analysis of the articles, it observed was that women with multiple sclerosis have increased the desire to have children, based on medical and pharmacological advances. They also rely on research, which show that pregnancy is safe, as long as it’s done with follow-up, and the risks are similar to those of healthy pregnant women. Final considerations: Studies on the subject are mostly longitudinal, with long-term follow-up of women with multiple sclerosis, in order to present relevant data that can support the decision to become pregnant. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy. Prevention and control.Introdução: As mulheres podem ser acometidas pela esclerose múltipla, doença autoimune, cujos surtos neurológicos podem levar à incapacitação, fazendo com que a decisão de engravidar precise ser muito bem pensada, visto que a gestação pode trazer riscos para mãe e para o feto. Objetivo: Descrever sobre a segurança da gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa de literatura, com busca de artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline - Pubmed, indexadas na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, por meio de critérios de inclusão como publicação em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola; no período de 2016 a julho de 2021; artigo completo e gratuito; conteúdo sobre esclerose múltipla em mulheres. Resultado: Foram selecionados 20 artigos, sendo que apenas dois apresentaram pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Discussão: A partir da análise dos artigos observou-se que as mulheres com esclerose múltipla têm aumentado o desejo de ter filhos, com base nos avanços médicos e farmacológicos. Elas também se apoiam nas pesquisas, que mostram ser segura a gestação, desde que seja feita com acompanhamento, sendo que os riscos são semelhantes aos das gestantes saudáveis. Considerações finais: Os estudos sobre o tema são, em sua maioria, longitudinais, com acompanhamento das mulheres com esclerose múltipla a longo prazo, de forma a apresentarem dados relevantes que possam apoiar a decisão de engravidar.Centro unificado do Distrito FederalBrasilCoordenação do curso de enfermagemUDFAbreu, Ricardo Gadelha de......Vieira, Daniela NunesSilva, Elizângela Silveira daLustosa, Jaqueline Viana OliveiraVieira, Daniela Nunes2022-03-28T23:30:45Z2022-03-282022-03-28T23:30:45Z2021-12-04info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisapplication/pdfREFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Leal DMP. Prevalência e determinantes do aleitamento materno em mulheres com esclerose múltipla. (Tese de Doutorado online). Viseu: Instituto Superior Politécnico de Viseu, 2016. Abreu EP. Sintomas e tratamentos da esclerose múltipla (EM): em busca da qualidade de vida. Rev Acad Oswaldo Cruz, 2019; 6(24):1-7. Mandal A. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. News Med Life Sci, 1 abr 2021. Encarnação P, Oliveira CC, Martins T. Suffering, a concept present in non-cancer patients: multiple sclerosis patients. Internat J Car Sci, 2018; 11(1):572-78. Nascimento LF, Kuriyama SN, Fidalgo-Neto AA. Esclerose múltipla: dimensionando os impactos no ambiente ocupacional brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: FIRJAN/SESI, 2018. Cassiano DP, Santos AHR, Esteves DC, Araújo GN, Cavalcanti IC, Rossi M et al. Estudo epidemiológico sobre internações por esclerose múltipla no Brasil comparando sexo, faixa etária e região entre janeiro de 2008 a junho de 2019. Braz J Health Rev, 2020; 3(6):19850-861. Rezaallah B, Lewis DJ, Pierce C, Zeilhofer H-F, Berg B-I. Social media surveillance of multiple sclerosis medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding: content analysis. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21(8). Bonavita S, Lavorgna L, Worton H, Russel S, Jack D. Family planning decision making in people with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:1-8. Essilfie P. Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy - a practical guide for the obstetrician. Open J Obstet Gynecol, 2020; 10:1307-314. Bsteh G, Algrang L, Hegen H, Auer M, Wurth L, Di Pauli F et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis in the DMT era: a cohort study in Western Austria. Mult Scler 2020; 26(1):69-78. Belarmino AC, Azevedo LJM, Teixeira AKM, Sousa BAT, Alves LC, Ferreira Júnior AR. Gestante com esclerose múltipla: reflexão fenomenológica da mulher sobre o parto. Av Enferm 2020; 38(1):77-86. Wang C-K, Lin C-K, Wang T-J, Wang CY, Hsu P-C, Su H-Y. Pregnancy and childbirth in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report of successful management. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:447-48. Cuello JP, Ginés MLM, Barriga MLM, Andrés C. Esclerosis múltiple y embarazo: estudio unicéntrico prospectivo y comparativo. Neurol 2017; 32(2):92-8. D’Amico E, Leone C, Patti F. Offspring number does not influence reaching the disability's milestones in multiple sclerosis: a seven-year follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(2):234-48. Oh J, Achiron A, Celius EG, Chambers C, Derwenskus J, Devonshire V et al. Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum relapse rates in women with RRMS treated with alemtuzumab in the phase 2 and 3 clinical development program over 16 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:1-9. Burkill S, Vattulainen P, Geissbuehler Y, Espin MS, Popescu C, Suzart-Woischnik K et al. The association between exposure to interferon-beta during pregnancy and birth measurements in offspring of women with multiple sclerosis. Plos One 2019; 2-10. Korjagina M, Burkill S, Hakkarainen KM, Geissbühler Y. Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta prior to or during pregnancy in women with MS: Stratification by maternal and newborn characteristics in a registerbased cohort study in Finland and Sweden. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 48:1-33. Barros GMC, Oliveira BES, Oliveira GJ, Silva RKP, Cardoso TN, Maia SB. Progressão da doença e resultados obstétricos de mulheres com esclerose múltipla em um centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2021; 43(3):165-71. McDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Diaz S. Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2019;188(1):57-66. Munger KL, Åivo J, Hongell K, Soilu-Hänninen M, Surcel H-M, Ascherio A. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and risk of multiple sclerosis in children of Finnish Maternity Cohort women. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73(5): 515-19. Fares J, Nassar AH, Gebeily S, Kobeissy F, Fares Y. Pregnancy outcomes in Lebanese women with multiple sclerosis (the LeMS study): a prospective multicentre study. BMJ Open 2016; 6(5):1-7. Langer-Gould A, Smith JB, Albers KB, Xiang AH, Wu J, Kerezsi EH et al. Pregnancyrelated relapses and breastfeeding in a contemporary multiple sclerosis cohort. Neurol 2020; 94(18):1939-49. Eid K, Torkildsen OF, Aarseth J, Flemmen HO, Holmøy T, Lorentzen ÅR et al. Perinatal depression and anxiety in women with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study. Neurol 2021; 96(23):2789-800. Zuluaga MI, Otero-Romero S, Rovira A, Perez-Hoyos S, Arrambide G, Negrotto L et al. Menarche, pregnancies, and breastfeeding do not modify long-term prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Neurol 2019; 92(13):1507-16. Adams CJ, Wu SL, Shao X, Bradshaw PT, Gonzales E, Smith JB et al. Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in genetically susceptible women. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:898-908. Houtchens MK, Edwards NC, Schneider G, Stern K, Phillips AL. Pregnancy rates and outcomes in women with and without MS in the United States. 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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| title |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| spellingShingle |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? Vieira, Daniela Nunes Esclerose múltipla Gravidez Prevenção e controle 4.04.02.00-2 |
| title_short |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| title_full |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| title_fullStr |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| title_sort |
Gravidez em mulheres com esclerose múltipla – É segura? |
| author |
Vieira, Daniela Nunes |
| author_facet |
Vieira, Daniela Nunes |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Abreu, Ricardo Gadelha de ... ... Vieira, Daniela Nunes Silva, Elizângela Silveira da Lustosa, Jaqueline Viana Oliveira |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Vieira, Daniela Nunes |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Esclerose múltipla Gravidez Prevenção e controle 4.04.02.00-2 |
| topic |
Esclerose múltipla Gravidez Prevenção e controle 4.04.02.00-2 |
| description |
Introduction: Women affected can be by multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease, whose neurological outbreaks can lead to incapacitation, making the decision to get pregnant to be need very well thought, as pregnancy can bring risks to the mother and the fetus. Objective: To describe the safety of pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A narrative literature review, with a search for articles in the Lilacs, Medline - Pubmed databases, indexed in the Virtual Health Library, through inclusion criteria such as publication in Portuguese, English and Spanish; in the period from 2016 to July 2021; complete and free article; content about multiple sclerosis in women. Result: Twenty articles selected were, only two of which presented research carried out in Brazil. Discussion: From the analysis of the articles, it observed was that women with multiple sclerosis have increased the desire to have children, based on medical and pharmacological advances. They also rely on research, which show that pregnancy is safe, as long as it’s done with follow-up, and the risks are similar to those of healthy pregnant women. Final considerations: Studies on the subject are mostly longitudinal, with long-term follow-up of women with multiple sclerosis, in order to present relevant data that can support the decision to become pregnant. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy. Prevention and control. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-04 2022-03-28T23:30:45Z 2022-03-28 2022-03-28T23:30:45Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
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bachelorThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Leal DMP. Prevalência e determinantes do aleitamento materno em mulheres com esclerose múltipla. (Tese de Doutorado online). Viseu: Instituto Superior Politécnico de Viseu, 2016. Abreu EP. Sintomas e tratamentos da esclerose múltipla (EM): em busca da qualidade de vida. Rev Acad Oswaldo Cruz, 2019; 6(24):1-7. Mandal A. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. News Med Life Sci, 1 abr 2021. Encarnação P, Oliveira CC, Martins T. Suffering, a concept present in non-cancer patients: multiple sclerosis patients. Internat J Car Sci, 2018; 11(1):572-78. Nascimento LF, Kuriyama SN, Fidalgo-Neto AA. Esclerose múltipla: dimensionando os impactos no ambiente ocupacional brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: FIRJAN/SESI, 2018. Cassiano DP, Santos AHR, Esteves DC, Araújo GN, Cavalcanti IC, Rossi M et al. Estudo epidemiológico sobre internações por esclerose múltipla no Brasil comparando sexo, faixa etária e região entre janeiro de 2008 a junho de 2019. Braz J Health Rev, 2020; 3(6):19850-861. Rezaallah B, Lewis DJ, Pierce C, Zeilhofer H-F, Berg B-I. Social media surveillance of multiple sclerosis medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding: content analysis. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21(8). Bonavita S, Lavorgna L, Worton H, Russel S, Jack D. Family planning decision making in people with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:1-8. Essilfie P. Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy - a practical guide for the obstetrician. Open J Obstet Gynecol, 2020; 10:1307-314. Bsteh G, Algrang L, Hegen H, Auer M, Wurth L, Di Pauli F et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis in the DMT era: a cohort study in Western Austria. Mult Scler 2020; 26(1):69-78. Belarmino AC, Azevedo LJM, Teixeira AKM, Sousa BAT, Alves LC, Ferreira Júnior AR. Gestante com esclerose múltipla: reflexão fenomenológica da mulher sobre o parto. Av Enferm 2020; 38(1):77-86. Wang C-K, Lin C-K, Wang T-J, Wang CY, Hsu P-C, Su H-Y. Pregnancy and childbirth in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report of successful management. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:447-48. Cuello JP, Ginés MLM, Barriga MLM, Andrés C. Esclerosis múltiple y embarazo: estudio unicéntrico prospectivo y comparativo. Neurol 2017; 32(2):92-8. D’Amico E, Leone C, Patti F. Offspring number does not influence reaching the disability's milestones in multiple sclerosis: a seven-year follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(2):234-48. Oh J, Achiron A, Celius EG, Chambers C, Derwenskus J, Devonshire V et al. Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum relapse rates in women with RRMS treated with alemtuzumab in the phase 2 and 3 clinical development program over 16 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:1-9. Burkill S, Vattulainen P, Geissbuehler Y, Espin MS, Popescu C, Suzart-Woischnik K et al. The association between exposure to interferon-beta during pregnancy and birth measurements in offspring of women with multiple sclerosis. Plos One 2019; 2-10. Korjagina M, Burkill S, Hakkarainen KM, Geissbühler Y. Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta prior to or during pregnancy in women with MS: Stratification by maternal and newborn characteristics in a registerbased cohort study in Finland and Sweden. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 48:1-33. Barros GMC, Oliveira BES, Oliveira GJ, Silva RKP, Cardoso TN, Maia SB. Progressão da doença e resultados obstétricos de mulheres com esclerose múltipla em um centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2021; 43(3):165-71. McDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Diaz S. Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2019;188(1):57-66. Munger KL, Åivo J, Hongell K, Soilu-Hänninen M, Surcel H-M, Ascherio A. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and risk of multiple sclerosis in children of Finnish Maternity Cohort women. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73(5): 515-19. Fares J, Nassar AH, Gebeily S, Kobeissy F, Fares Y. Pregnancy outcomes in Lebanese women with multiple sclerosis (the LeMS study): a prospective multicentre study. BMJ Open 2016; 6(5):1-7. Langer-Gould A, Smith JB, Albers KB, Xiang AH, Wu J, Kerezsi EH et al. Pregnancyrelated relapses and breastfeeding in a contemporary multiple sclerosis cohort. Neurol 2020; 94(18):1939-49. Eid K, Torkildsen OF, Aarseth J, Flemmen HO, Holmøy T, Lorentzen ÅR et al. Perinatal depression and anxiety in women with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study. Neurol 2021; 96(23):2789-800. Zuluaga MI, Otero-Romero S, Rovira A, Perez-Hoyos S, Arrambide G, Negrotto L et al. Menarche, pregnancies, and breastfeeding do not modify long-term prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Neurol 2019; 92(13):1507-16. Adams CJ, Wu SL, Shao X, Bradshaw PT, Gonzales E, Smith JB et al. Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in genetically susceptible women. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:898-908. Houtchens MK, Edwards NC, Schneider G, Stern K, Phillips AL. Pregnancy rates and outcomes in women with and without MS in the United States. Neurol 2018; 91:155969. https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/3341 |
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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Leal DMP. Prevalência e determinantes do aleitamento materno em mulheres com esclerose múltipla. (Tese de Doutorado online). Viseu: Instituto Superior Politécnico de Viseu, 2016. Abreu EP. Sintomas e tratamentos da esclerose múltipla (EM): em busca da qualidade de vida. Rev Acad Oswaldo Cruz, 2019; 6(24):1-7. Mandal A. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. News Med Life Sci, 1 abr 2021. Encarnação P, Oliveira CC, Martins T. Suffering, a concept present in non-cancer patients: multiple sclerosis patients. Internat J Car Sci, 2018; 11(1):572-78. Nascimento LF, Kuriyama SN, Fidalgo-Neto AA. Esclerose múltipla: dimensionando os impactos no ambiente ocupacional brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: FIRJAN/SESI, 2018. Cassiano DP, Santos AHR, Esteves DC, Araújo GN, Cavalcanti IC, Rossi M et al. Estudo epidemiológico sobre internações por esclerose múltipla no Brasil comparando sexo, faixa etária e região entre janeiro de 2008 a junho de 2019. Braz J Health Rev, 2020; 3(6):19850-861. Rezaallah B, Lewis DJ, Pierce C, Zeilhofer H-F, Berg B-I. Social media surveillance of multiple sclerosis medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding: content analysis. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21(8). Bonavita S, Lavorgna L, Worton H, Russel S, Jack D. Family planning decision making in people with multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:1-8. Essilfie P. Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy - a practical guide for the obstetrician. Open J Obstet Gynecol, 2020; 10:1307-314. Bsteh G, Algrang L, Hegen H, Auer M, Wurth L, Di Pauli F et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis in the DMT era: a cohort study in Western Austria. Mult Scler 2020; 26(1):69-78. Belarmino AC, Azevedo LJM, Teixeira AKM, Sousa BAT, Alves LC, Ferreira Júnior AR. Gestante com esclerose múltipla: reflexão fenomenológica da mulher sobre o parto. Av Enferm 2020; 38(1):77-86. Wang C-K, Lin C-K, Wang T-J, Wang CY, Hsu P-C, Su H-Y. Pregnancy and childbirth in a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report of successful management. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:447-48. Cuello JP, Ginés MLM, Barriga MLM, Andrés C. Esclerosis múltiple y embarazo: estudio unicéntrico prospectivo y comparativo. Neurol 2017; 32(2):92-8. D’Amico E, Leone C, Patti F. Offspring number does not influence reaching the disability's milestones in multiple sclerosis: a seven-year follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(2):234-48. Oh J, Achiron A, Celius EG, Chambers C, Derwenskus J, Devonshire V et al. Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum relapse rates in women with RRMS treated with alemtuzumab in the phase 2 and 3 clinical development program over 16 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:1-9. Burkill S, Vattulainen P, Geissbuehler Y, Espin MS, Popescu C, Suzart-Woischnik K et al. The association between exposure to interferon-beta during pregnancy and birth measurements in offspring of women with multiple sclerosis. Plos One 2019; 2-10. Korjagina M, Burkill S, Hakkarainen KM, Geissbühler Y. Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta prior to or during pregnancy in women with MS: Stratification by maternal and newborn characteristics in a registerbased cohort study in Finland and Sweden. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 48:1-33. Barros GMC, Oliveira BES, Oliveira GJ, Silva RKP, Cardoso TN, Maia SB. Progressão da doença e resultados obstétricos de mulheres com esclerose múltipla em um centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2021; 43(3):165-71. McDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Diaz S. Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2019;188(1):57-66. Munger KL, Åivo J, Hongell K, Soilu-Hänninen M, Surcel H-M, Ascherio A. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and risk of multiple sclerosis in children of Finnish Maternity Cohort women. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73(5): 515-19. Fares J, Nassar AH, Gebeily S, Kobeissy F, Fares Y. Pregnancy outcomes in Lebanese women with multiple sclerosis (the LeMS study): a prospective multicentre study. BMJ Open 2016; 6(5):1-7. Langer-Gould A, Smith JB, Albers KB, Xiang AH, Wu J, Kerezsi EH et al. Pregnancyrelated relapses and breastfeeding in a contemporary multiple sclerosis cohort. Neurol 2020; 94(18):1939-49. Eid K, Torkildsen OF, Aarseth J, Flemmen HO, Holmøy T, Lorentzen ÅR et al. Perinatal depression and anxiety in women with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study. Neurol 2021; 96(23):2789-800. Zuluaga MI, Otero-Romero S, Rovira A, Perez-Hoyos S, Arrambide G, Negrotto L et al. Menarche, pregnancies, and breastfeeding do not modify long-term prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Neurol 2019; 92(13):1507-16. Adams CJ, Wu SL, Shao X, Bradshaw PT, Gonzales E, Smith JB et al. Pregnancy does not modify the risk of MS in genetically susceptible women. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:898-908. Houtchens MK, Edwards NC, Schneider G, Stern K, Phillips AL. Pregnancy rates and outcomes in women with and without MS in the United States. Neurol 2018; 91:155969. |
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