Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2022000100209 |
Resumo: | ABSTRACT: We report two outbreaks of nitrate and nitrite poisoning in Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The first, due to Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), and the second, due to P. purpureum and Brachiaria spp. (brachiaria grass), both occurred during a prolonged drought. In the first outbreak, the irrigation of the pastures with wastewater and sewage contributed to nitrate accumulation. The second outbreak occurred in pastures cultivated in the border of a dam, that had been submerged for long time accumulating large amounts of organic matter in the soil. Other probably risk factors for nitrate accumulation included the use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides and burning of the vegetation. In the first outbreak, four calves out of a total of 42 cattle died, and in the second outbreak 49 out of 243 cattle, including adults, yearlings, and a 2-day-old calf died. The clinical signs included dyspnea, cyanosis, ataxia, and falls, leading to death. The presence of nitrates was detected in both outbreaks using the diphenylamine test. Quantitative tests were performed in the second outbreak using a portable nitrate meter, and high nitrate concentrations were found. The characteristic macroscopic findings and absence of microscopic lesions and response to treatment with methylene blue were key to the diagnosis of poisoning by nitrates and nitrites. We conclude that poisoning by nitrates and nitrites in ruminants in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is frequent due to the cultivation of grasses in the border of dams that had been covered by water for long periods or in areas irrigated by wastewater and/or sewage. In addition, the use of a portable measuring device is an effective alternative for the quantification of nitrates in pastures. |
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Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern BrazilClinicstoxicologynitrate poisoningnitrite poisoningcattleBrazilwastewaterdiphenylamine testportable metermethylene blueABSTRACT: We report two outbreaks of nitrate and nitrite poisoning in Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The first, due to Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), and the second, due to P. purpureum and Brachiaria spp. (brachiaria grass), both occurred during a prolonged drought. In the first outbreak, the irrigation of the pastures with wastewater and sewage contributed to nitrate accumulation. The second outbreak occurred in pastures cultivated in the border of a dam, that had been submerged for long time accumulating large amounts of organic matter in the soil. Other probably risk factors for nitrate accumulation included the use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides and burning of the vegetation. In the first outbreak, four calves out of a total of 42 cattle died, and in the second outbreak 49 out of 243 cattle, including adults, yearlings, and a 2-day-old calf died. The clinical signs included dyspnea, cyanosis, ataxia, and falls, leading to death. The presence of nitrates was detected in both outbreaks using the diphenylamine test. Quantitative tests were performed in the second outbreak using a portable nitrate meter, and high nitrate concentrations were found. The characteristic macroscopic findings and absence of microscopic lesions and response to treatment with methylene blue were key to the diagnosis of poisoning by nitrates and nitrites. We conclude that poisoning by nitrates and nitrites in ruminants in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is frequent due to the cultivation of grasses in the border of dams that had been covered by water for long periods or in areas irrigated by wastewater and/or sewage. In addition, the use of a portable measuring device is an effective alternative for the quantification of nitrates in pastures.Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA2022-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2022000100209Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira v.42 2022reponame:Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online)instname:Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)instacron:EMBRAPA10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7038info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSimões,João G.Olinda,Robério G.Maia,Lisanka A.Carvalho,Fabrício K.L.Dantas,Antônio F.M.Galiza,Glauco J.N.Medeiros,Rosane M.T.Riet-Correa,Franklineng2022-02-18T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0100-736X2022000100209Revistahttp://www.pvb.com.br/https://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phpcolegio@cbpa.org.br||pvb@pvb.com.br0100-736X1678-5150opendoar:2022-02-18T00:00Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) - Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
title |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil Simões,João G. Clinics toxicology nitrate poisoning nitrite poisoning cattle Brazil wastewater diphenylamine test portable meter methylene blue |
title_short |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
title_full |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
title_sort |
Clinical and toxicological findings in nitrate and nitrite poisoning in cattle in Northeastern Brazil |
author |
Simões,João G. |
author_facet |
Simões,João G. Olinda,Robério G. Maia,Lisanka A. Carvalho,Fabrício K.L. Dantas,Antônio F.M. Galiza,Glauco J.N. Medeiros,Rosane M.T. Riet-Correa,Franklin |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Olinda,Robério G. Maia,Lisanka A. Carvalho,Fabrício K.L. Dantas,Antônio F.M. Galiza,Glauco J.N. Medeiros,Rosane M.T. Riet-Correa,Franklin |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Simões,João G. Olinda,Robério G. Maia,Lisanka A. Carvalho,Fabrício K.L. Dantas,Antônio F.M. Galiza,Glauco J.N. Medeiros,Rosane M.T. Riet-Correa,Franklin |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Clinics toxicology nitrate poisoning nitrite poisoning cattle Brazil wastewater diphenylamine test portable meter methylene blue |
topic |
Clinics toxicology nitrate poisoning nitrite poisoning cattle Brazil wastewater diphenylamine test portable meter methylene blue |
description |
ABSTRACT: We report two outbreaks of nitrate and nitrite poisoning in Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The first, due to Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), and the second, due to P. purpureum and Brachiaria spp. (brachiaria grass), both occurred during a prolonged drought. In the first outbreak, the irrigation of the pastures with wastewater and sewage contributed to nitrate accumulation. The second outbreak occurred in pastures cultivated in the border of a dam, that had been submerged for long time accumulating large amounts of organic matter in the soil. Other probably risk factors for nitrate accumulation included the use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides and burning of the vegetation. In the first outbreak, four calves out of a total of 42 cattle died, and in the second outbreak 49 out of 243 cattle, including adults, yearlings, and a 2-day-old calf died. The clinical signs included dyspnea, cyanosis, ataxia, and falls, leading to death. The presence of nitrates was detected in both outbreaks using the diphenylamine test. Quantitative tests were performed in the second outbreak using a portable nitrate meter, and high nitrate concentrations were found. The characteristic macroscopic findings and absence of microscopic lesions and response to treatment with methylene blue were key to the diagnosis of poisoning by nitrates and nitrites. We conclude that poisoning by nitrates and nitrites in ruminants in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is frequent due to the cultivation of grasses in the border of dams that had been covered by water for long periods or in areas irrigated by wastewater and/or sewage. In addition, the use of a portable measuring device is an effective alternative for the quantification of nitrates in pastures. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2022000100209 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2022000100209 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7038 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira v.42 2022 reponame:Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) instname:Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) instacron:EMBRAPA |
instname_str |
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) |
instacron_str |
EMBRAPA |
institution |
EMBRAPA |
reponame_str |
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) |
collection |
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira (Online) - Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
colegio@cbpa.org.br||pvb@pvb.com.br |
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1754122241263534080 |