Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) |
Texto Completo: | http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767 |
Resumo: | Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota. |
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Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.Toxicologia ambientalPesticidaQualidade da ÁguaWater qualityAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota.ESMERALDA PEREIRA DE ARAÚJO; ELOISA DUTRA CALDAS; EDUARDO CYRINO DE OLIVEIRA FILHO, CPAC.ARAÚJO, E. P. deCALDAS, E. D.OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de2023-01-04T14:01:20Z2023-01-04T14:01:20Z2023-01-042022info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article11 p.Toxics, v. 10, 2022.http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice)instname:Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)instacron:EMBRAPA2023-01-04T14:01:20Zoai:www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br:doc/1150618Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/oai/requestopendoar:21542023-01-04T14:01:20falseRepositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/oai/requestcg-riaa@embrapa.bropendoar:21542023-01-04T14:01:20Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
title |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
spellingShingle |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. ARAÚJO, E. P. de Toxicologia ambiental Pesticida Qualidade da Água Water quality |
title_short |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
title_full |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
title_fullStr |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
title_sort |
Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. |
author |
ARAÚJO, E. P. de |
author_facet |
ARAÚJO, E. P. de CALDAS, E. D. OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
CALDAS, E. D. OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
ESMERALDA PEREIRA DE ARAÚJO; ELOISA DUTRA CALDAS; EDUARDO CYRINO DE OLIVEIRA FILHO, CPAC. |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
ARAÚJO, E. P. de CALDAS, E. D. OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Toxicologia ambiental Pesticida Qualidade da Água Water quality |
topic |
Toxicologia ambiental Pesticida Qualidade da Água Water quality |
description |
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 2023-01-04T14:01:20Z 2023-01-04T14:01:20Z 2023-01-04 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
Toxics, v. 10, 2022. http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767 |
identifier_str_mv |
Toxics, v. 10, 2022. |
url |
http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
11 p. |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) instname:Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) instacron:EMBRAPA |
instname_str |
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) |
instacron_str |
EMBRAPA |
institution |
EMBRAPA |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
cg-riaa@embrapa.br |
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1794503537035575296 |