Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: ARAÚJO, E. P. de
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: CALDAS, E. D., OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice)
Texto Completo: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767
Resumo: Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota.
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spelling Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.Toxicologia ambientalPesticidaQualidade da ÁguaWater qualityAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota.ESMERALDA PEREIRA DE ARAÚJO; ELOISA DUTRA CALDAS; EDUARDO CYRINO DE OLIVEIRA FILHO, CPAC.ARAÚJO, E. P. deCALDAS, E. D.OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de2023-01-04T14:01:20Z2023-01-04T14:01:20Z2023-01-042022info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article11 p.Toxics, v. 10, 2022.http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice)instname:Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)instacron:EMBRAPA2023-01-04T14:01:20Zoai:www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br:doc/1150618Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/oai/requestopendoar:21542023-01-04T14:01:20falseRepositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/oai/requestcg-riaa@embrapa.bropendoar:21542023-01-04T14:01:20Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
title Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
spellingShingle Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
ARAÚJO, E. P. de
Toxicologia ambiental
Pesticida
Qualidade da Água
Water quality
title_short Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
title_full Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
title_fullStr Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
title_sort Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.
author ARAÚJO, E. P. de
author_facet ARAÚJO, E. P. de
CALDAS, E. D.
OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de
author_role author
author2 CALDAS, E. D.
OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv ESMERALDA PEREIRA DE ARAÚJO; ELOISA DUTRA CALDAS; EDUARDO CYRINO DE OLIVEIRA FILHO, CPAC.
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv ARAÚJO, E. P. de
CALDAS, E. D.
OLIVEIRA FILHO, E. C. de
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Toxicologia ambiental
Pesticida
Qualidade da Água
Water quality
topic Toxicologia ambiental
Pesticida
Qualidade da Água
Water quality
description Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms ?aquatic toxicity?, ?chronic? ?acute?, ?LC50?, ?EC50?, ?NOEL?, ?NOEC? and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers. Microcrustaceans of the Daphnia genus and the fishes Pimephales promelas and Oncorhynchus mykiss were the organisms most used. Atrazine, alachlor and metolachlor were the most investigated pesticides. Atrazine and alachlor are approved in Brazil, with atrazine ranking fourth among the most used pesticides in the country. The results indicated that of the 27 pesticides included in the standard directive, 17 have a risk quotient (RQ) higher than the level of concern for at least one ecotoxicological parameter and may not protect the aquatic biota. The insecticide malathion, used in various agricultural crops in Brazil, was the one that presented the highest RQs (3125 and 3,125,000 for freshwaters classified as 1/2 and 3, respectively), related to a LC50 (96 h) of 0.000032 g/L in Chironomus ramosus. The results indicate that CONAMA directive 357/2005 should be updated in line with the current use of pesticides in the country, and the MVs should be re-evaluated so that they do not represent toxicity for the aquatic biota.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2023-01-04T14:01:20Z
2023-01-04T14:01:20Z
2023-01-04
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv Toxics, v. 10, 2022.
http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767
identifier_str_mv Toxics, v. 10, 2022.
url http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1150618
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120767
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 11 p.
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instname_str Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa)
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reponame_str Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice)
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