Distâncias em duplo nível : um modelo de análise de sobrevivência da subsidiária estrangeira

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Fábio Cássio de
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da ESPM
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/557
• topic: estratégia internacional; distâncias; subsidiárias; sobrevivência; international strategy; distances; subsidiaries; survival; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ADMINISTRACAO

This doctoral dissertation evaluates the relevant aspects of the relationship between distances and strategy of foreign subsidiaries and a hybrid distance model proposal to contribute to the International Business (IB) field. The general objective relies on inquiring about the impact of dual-level distances in joint ventures (JVs) on the foreign subsidiaries' survival. The first level (macro) regards transnational distances. The second one (micro) deals with inter-organizational distances. The present study aims to provide knowledge about distances and their use in the IB research agenda. The sustained argument for this dissertation's development is whether the observation of transnational distances is enough to analyze a foreign subsidiary's survival, especially in JVs. Furthermore, it is possible to find evidence in inter-organizational distances that support dual-level analysis of transnational and inter-organizational distances. We used for this doctoral dissertation the post-positivist conception's descriptive and quantitative approaches. The empiric study's analysis unit is international Japanese companies with foreign subsidiaries in the European continent with JV as an entry mode choice. This research's main scope relies on the analysis of foreign subsidiaries' survival with the perspective of dual-level distances. It involves both macro distances – also treated in the literature as institutional distances – and micro distances, regarding inter-organizational analysis of types of JVs (International Joint Venture – IJV) or Domestic Joint Venture (DJV). We used a database of Japanese foreign investments published by Toyo Keizai. The sample consists of 1,028 observations from survival analysis related to foreign subsidiaries operating in 27 European countries from 2007-2014. The statistical tests applied survival analysis with Cox regression and hazard ratio. This doctoral dissertation's core hypotheses rely on the impact of dual-level distances on subsidiaries' survival. The results show that the double-level distances are relevant to understand the impact of distances on the foreign subsidiary's survival. The first level related to transnational distances reveals that partners' nationalities are a vital factor. For transnational distances, investments in countries with low distance indexes have a positive impact on survival. In this case, operating in similar countries correlate with better chances of the subsidiaries' longevity, including geographic, economic, financial, and cultural distances. There are also some cases that a high transnational distance, the greater its impact on the subsidiary's survival. It means the chance of survival is greater where there is more dissimilarity between countries, such as political distance. The second level of observation deals with inter-organizational distances. At this level, the results reveal that the choice in the form of partnerships between JVs or DJVs impacts survival. The traditional IJV is the most common form of partnership, but it has a lower survival rate than DJVs. Formed by partnerships from the same country of origin, DJVs can be Intra-DJVs (same conglomerate) and Inter-DJVs (not being from the same conglomerate). Intra-DJV is the model that has the best performance in survival. Thus, the findings reveal that the choice of partner for the foreign subsidiary must be: (i) by the same nationality among the partners; and (ii) that are part of the same business conglomerate (Intra-DJV). In the impossibility of finding the two previous characteristics, we suggest that the JV be carried out (iii) between companies in the same country as the headquarters, even if they are independent companies (Inter-DJV).