Transversalidade de gênero em políticas de cuidado: uma análise comparada das políticas de cuidado infantil no Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai durante o giro à esquerda

• Autor(a) principal: Marcondes, Mariana Mazzini
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10438/27291
• topic: Gender mainstreaming; Feminism; Public policy; Social policy; Comparative research; Latin America; Transversalidade de gênero; Feminismo; Política pública; Política social; Pesquisa comparada; América Latina; Administração pública; América Latina - Política e governo; Política social - América Latina; Mulheres - Condições sociais; Feminismo - Aspectos políticos - América Latina

At the turn of the 21th century, Left-wing governments rose in several Latin American countries, which is known as a shift to the left. They shared the opposition to neoliberal hegemony and the defense of the state action for the accomplishment of political projects based on the guarantee of rights, promotion of social justice and economic redistribution. The expansion and innovation of social policies have turned to be one of the key elements of these projects. However, would this matter also have reached gender equality policies? One approach to this discussion is based on the concept of gender mainstreaming. We define it, as a process of incorporating feminist perspectives into the frames of the public policies, both in the construction of public problem, and in the definition of the state course of action. This process materializes in the development of institutional conditions, fostering the adherence of public policies to the feminist political agendas. It is possible to mobilize this concept in order to analyze one public policy set, or, instead, one of its branches, as the care policy, whose theoretical and practical interest in feminism is growing. In this context, we aim to investigate the incorporation of gender mainstreaming into care policies, during the Latin American shift to the left. In order to do so, we have conducted a qualitative and comparative cases study, regarding two child care policies (daily care and education services to individuals from zero to three years old and paid birth leaves). Our study involved three countries (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay). Our analyses mainly refer to documents and 40 semi structured interviews, focusing on what we have called the gender mainstreaming dimensions, that is: institutional conditions, adherence to feminist political agendas and frame in gender perspective. We found a considerable variation within the three cases. Considering the three dimensions, the advances were more expressive in Uruguay, more limited in Argentina and intermediaries in Brazil. To provide an explanation of these results, we debated the discursive interactions among subjects who disputed ideas in a contextual way, which we came to refer to as the framing of policies. We assume our research subsidizes convergences between gender and public policies studies and it offers theoretical, methodological, empirical and practical contributions to feminist movements, members of government, political parties, trade unions and international organizations.