The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/10438/30816 |
Resumo: | In 2001 the Brazilian Federal Government implemented a fee exemption policy benefiting only final-year public school students taking the National High School Exam (ENEM), a standardized test which is broadly used for college admissions in Brazil. To encourage application, students from public high schools could apply directly from their high schools. The international evidence shows that mandatory and subsidized admission exams increase the number of test takers. Thus, we expect that the fee exemption and the application at schools increase the number of final-year public high school students taking the ENEM test. Nevertheless, we also want to understand if the policy attracted more high-achieving students and affected the highly competitive entrance exam from Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), which uses ENEM scores in the admission process. We find that the fee waiver policy led to a sharp increase of 22.4 percentage points in the share of public high school students taking the ENEM exam (i.e., 447,000 new students, compared with 2000). The impact was more pronounced in poorer, less developed, and smaller municipalities. Moreover, public high school students in the top 1% and 10% of the ENEM score distribution increased after the policy intervention. In the UNICAMP’s admission exam, we find that public high school students are more likely to reach the second stage of the admissions process after the policy, but this did not translate into public high school students being admitted to UNICAMP. More interestingly, we find these last results (i.e., reaching the second stage of the admission process) to highly competitive majors, such as Medicine. Thus, this sizable response to a small per-student exemption suggests that such policies can greatly impact the college admission process. |
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Santos, Gabriel Marcondes dosEscolas::EESPMadeira, Ricardo de AbreuFernandes, ReynaldoFuente Estevan, Fernanda Gonçalves de LaNakaguma, Marcos Yamada2021-07-07T15:01:41Z2021-07-07T15:01:41Z2021-06-22https://hdl.handle.net/10438/30816In 2001 the Brazilian Federal Government implemented a fee exemption policy benefiting only final-year public school students taking the National High School Exam (ENEM), a standardized test which is broadly used for college admissions in Brazil. To encourage application, students from public high schools could apply directly from their high schools. The international evidence shows that mandatory and subsidized admission exams increase the number of test takers. Thus, we expect that the fee exemption and the application at schools increase the number of final-year public high school students taking the ENEM test. Nevertheless, we also want to understand if the policy attracted more high-achieving students and affected the highly competitive entrance exam from Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), which uses ENEM scores in the admission process. We find that the fee waiver policy led to a sharp increase of 22.4 percentage points in the share of public high school students taking the ENEM exam (i.e., 447,000 new students, compared with 2000). The impact was more pronounced in poorer, less developed, and smaller municipalities. Moreover, public high school students in the top 1% and 10% of the ENEM score distribution increased after the policy intervention. In the UNICAMP’s admission exam, we find that public high school students are more likely to reach the second stage of the admissions process after the policy, but this did not translate into public high school students being admitted to UNICAMP. More interestingly, we find these last results (i.e., reaching the second stage of the admission process) to highly competitive majors, such as Medicine. Thus, this sizable response to a small per-student exemption suggests that such policies can greatly impact the college admission process.Em 2001, o Governo Federal brasileiro implementou uma política de isenção de taxa para os alunos do último ano de escolas públicas que fazem o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), um teste padronizado que é amplamente utilizado para admissão em faculdades no Brasil. Para incentivar a inscrição, os alunos de escola pública podiam se inscrever diretamente de suas escolas. Da mesma forma que as evidências da literatura internacional, espera-se que esses mecanismos combinados aumentem o número de alunos no último ano do ensino médio que realizam o exame do ENEM. Além disso, queremos entender se a política atraiu mais alunos de alto potencial e afetou o vestibular da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), o qual usa a pontuação do ENEM no processo seletivo. Descobrimos que a política de isenção de taxa levou a um aumento acentuado de 22,4 pontos percentuais na proporção de alunos do ensino médio público que fazem o exame (ou seja, 447.000 novos alunos, comparado com 2000). O impacto foi mais pronunciado nos municípios mais pobres, menos desenvolvidos e menores. Ademais, a proporção de alunos do ensino médio público no top 1% e 10% da distribuição de pontos aumentou após a intervenção política. No vestibular da UNICAMP, identificamos que os alunos do ensino médio público avançam mais no processo seletivo após a política do que antes, mas não há impacto sob admissão na UNICAMP. Também encontramos esses últimos resultados não só no agregado, mas também para cursos altamente competitivos, como medicina. Portanto, os efeitos encontrados para um pequeno subsídio por aluno sugerem que tais políticas de inclusão podem ter um grande impacto no processo de admissão das faculdades.engPolicy evaluationHigher educationFee waiverEducação superiorGratuidadeAvaliação de política públicaEconomiaEnsino superior - BrasilPolíticas públicas - AvaliaçãoExame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Brasil)The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospectsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)instacron:FGVLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
title |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
spellingShingle |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects Santos, Gabriel Marcondes dos Policy evaluation Higher education Fee waiver Educação superior Gratuidade Avaliação de política pública Economia Ensino superior - Brasil Políticas públicas - Avaliação Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Brasil) |
title_short |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
title_full |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
title_fullStr |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
title_sort |
The effect of a fee waiver on the National High School Exam (ENEM) on college attendance prospects |
author |
Santos, Gabriel Marcondes dos |
author_facet |
Santos, Gabriel Marcondes dos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.unidadefgv.por.fl_str_mv |
Escolas::EESP |
dc.contributor.member.none.fl_str_mv |
Madeira, Ricardo de Abreu Fernandes, Reynaldo |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Gabriel Marcondes dos |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Fuente Estevan, Fernanda Gonçalves de La Nakaguma, Marcos Yamada |
contributor_str_mv |
Fuente Estevan, Fernanda Gonçalves de La Nakaguma, Marcos Yamada |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Policy evaluation Higher education Fee waiver |
topic |
Policy evaluation Higher education Fee waiver Educação superior Gratuidade Avaliação de política pública Economia Ensino superior - Brasil Políticas públicas - Avaliação Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Brasil) |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Educação superior Gratuidade Avaliação de política pública |
dc.subject.area.por.fl_str_mv |
Economia |
dc.subject.bibliodata.por.fl_str_mv |
Ensino superior - Brasil Políticas públicas - Avaliação Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Brasil) |
description |
In 2001 the Brazilian Federal Government implemented a fee exemption policy benefiting only final-year public school students taking the National High School Exam (ENEM), a standardized test which is broadly used for college admissions in Brazil. To encourage application, students from public high schools could apply directly from their high schools. The international evidence shows that mandatory and subsidized admission exams increase the number of test takers. Thus, we expect that the fee exemption and the application at schools increase the number of final-year public high school students taking the ENEM test. Nevertheless, we also want to understand if the policy attracted more high-achieving students and affected the highly competitive entrance exam from Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), which uses ENEM scores in the admission process. We find that the fee waiver policy led to a sharp increase of 22.4 percentage points in the share of public high school students taking the ENEM exam (i.e., 447,000 new students, compared with 2000). The impact was more pronounced in poorer, less developed, and smaller municipalities. Moreover, public high school students in the top 1% and 10% of the ENEM score distribution increased after the policy intervention. In the UNICAMP’s admission exam, we find that public high school students are more likely to reach the second stage of the admissions process after the policy, but this did not translate into public high school students being admitted to UNICAMP. More interestingly, we find these last results (i.e., reaching the second stage of the admission process) to highly competitive majors, such as Medicine. Thus, this sizable response to a small per-student exemption suggests that such policies can greatly impact the college admission process. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-07T15:01:41Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-07T15:01:41Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-22 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10438/30816 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10438/30816 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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instname_str |
Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
instacron_str |
FGV |
institution |
FGV |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
collection |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/a0bab92c-7bd0-4cf7-91b0-1f5fa483a93d/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/b4cd64f6-ed55-4dee-97ed-d822b39f2f4d/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/a4c218b4-9b35-4dfd-9b07-4de0a41f23a4/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/497589b1-c7e5-4ab9-aa1e-7554a00c0322/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
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bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
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1810023812614324224 |