A intervenção estatal sobre o mercado bancário no Brasil por meio dos bancos públicos: a tentativa de redução dos spreads em 2012

• Autor(a) principal: Hakim, Alexandre
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16194
• topic: Competição bancária; Spreads; Bancos públicos; Administração pública; Bancos - Brasil; Concorrência; Taxas de juros

The interest rates charged by banks have been constantly criticized by the public opinion and are a source of concern for the government. One reason for these high rates, more than the high level of the SELIC base interest, is the high spreads charged by banks. One way to try to reduce the level of spreads is to increase competitiveness among banks. However, one of the supposed difficulties to achieve a higher level of competition is the degree of banking concentration in Brazil today. In this sense, the Brazilian government pressured the banking market to reduce their spreads and rates during the first half of 2012, a period of apparent macroeconomic stability and strong decrease in the SELIC rate. The pressure exerted by the government was effective initially on public banks, and later on private banks, which publicly announced the reduction of fees for various operations. This study aimed to understand the size and sources of the effects of the government's position on the spreads and profitability of the largest Brazilian banks. As a result, there was the effectiveness of government action in reducing the spread ex post, profitability of loans (a proxy for the rate), and the overall profitability of public and private banks. Nevertheless, there was a decrease by private banks to grant credit, pointing to the market power of these institutions and raising doubts about the actual ability of the use of public banks to foster greater competitiveness in an uncertain economic environment.