From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2677 |
Resumo: | This article describes some of the current transformations regarding the processes by which information and culture are generated, from the point of view of developing countries. In this brief analysis, the article discusses the role of projects such as Creative Commons for developing countries. It also discusses the idea of legal commons and social commons. While the idea of legal commons can be understood as the voluntary use of licenses such as Creative Commons in order to create a 'commons', the idea of social commons has to do with the tensions between legality and illegality in developing countries. These tensions appear prominently in the so-called global 'peripheries', and in many instances make the legal structure of intellectual property irrelevant, unfamiliar, or unenforceable, for various reasons. With the emergence of digital technology and the Internet, in many places and regions in developing countries (especially in the 'peripheries'), technology ended up arriving earlier than the idea of intellectual property. Such a de facto situation propitiated the emergence of cultural industries that were not driven by intellectual property incentives. In these cultural businesses, the idea of 'sharing' and of free dissemination of the content is intrinsic to the social circumstances taking place in these peripheries. Also, the appropriation of technology on the part of the 'peripheries' ends up promoting autonomous forms of bridging the digital divide, such as the 'LAN house' phenomenon discussed below. This paper proposes that many lessons can be learned from the business models emerging from social commons practices in developing countries. The tension between legality and illegality in 'peripheral' areas in developing countries is not new. The work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others in the 1970s was paradigmatic for the discussion of legal pluralism regarding the occupation of land in Brazil. This paper aims to follow in that same pioneer tradition of studies about legal pluralism, and to apply those principles to the discussion of 'intellectual property' rather than the ownership of land. |
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Lemos, RonaldoEscolas::DIREITO RIO2009-06-17T21:13:47Z2009-06-17T21:13:47Z2009-06-17http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2677This article describes some of the current transformations regarding the processes by which information and culture are generated, from the point of view of developing countries. In this brief analysis, the article discusses the role of projects such as Creative Commons for developing countries. It also discusses the idea of legal commons and social commons. While the idea of legal commons can be understood as the voluntary use of licenses such as Creative Commons in order to create a 'commons', the idea of social commons has to do with the tensions between legality and illegality in developing countries. These tensions appear prominently in the so-called global 'peripheries', and in many instances make the legal structure of intellectual property irrelevant, unfamiliar, or unenforceable, for various reasons. With the emergence of digital technology and the Internet, in many places and regions in developing countries (especially in the 'peripheries'), technology ended up arriving earlier than the idea of intellectual property. Such a de facto situation propitiated the emergence of cultural industries that were not driven by intellectual property incentives. In these cultural businesses, the idea of 'sharing' and of free dissemination of the content is intrinsic to the social circumstances taking place in these peripheries. Also, the appropriation of technology on the part of the 'peripheries' ends up promoting autonomous forms of bridging the digital divide, such as the 'LAN house' phenomenon discussed below. This paper proposes that many lessons can be learned from the business models emerging from social commons practices in developing countries. The tension between legality and illegality in 'peripheral' areas in developing countries is not new. The work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others in the 1970s was paradigmatic for the discussion of legal pluralism regarding the occupation of land in Brazil. This paper aims to follow in that same pioneer tradition of studies about legal pluralism, and to apply those principles to the discussion of 'intellectual property' rather than the ownership of land.O presente paper descreve algumas transformações relativas ao processo pelo qual cultura e conhecimento são gerados, a partir da perspectiva de países em desenvolvimento. Em uma breve análise, o trabalho discute o papel de projetos como o 'Creative Commons' para países em desenvolvimento, em especial para o Brasil. Também são apresentadas as ideias de 'commons legal' e 'commons social'. A ideia de 'commons legal' pode ser entendida como o uso voluntário de licenças, tais como aquelas do projeto 'Creative commons' para criar um universo de bens compartilhados (commons). Ao mesmo tempo, a ideia de 'commons social' relaciona-se com as tensões entre legalidade e ilegalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Estas tensões aparecem de modo proeminente nas chamadas 'periferias' globais e em muitos casos tornam a ideia de propriedade intelectual irrelevante, desconhecida ou não-implementável, por diversas razões. Com a emergência da tecnologia digital e da internet, em várias partes de países em desenvolvimento (como as 'periferias) a tecnologia tem chegado antes da ideia de propriedade intelectual. Essa situação de fato propicia o surgimento de novas modalidades de indústria cultura, que não são motivadas pelos tradicionais incentivos da propriedade intelectual. Nesses novos modelos de negócio culturais, a ideia de 'compartilhamento' e de livre disseminação do conteúdo é intrínseca às circunstâncias sociais ocorrendo nas periferias. Ao mesmo tempo, a apropriação da tecnologia por parte das periferias acaba promovendo formas autônomas de reduzir a exclusão digital. Tal como o fenômeno das 'LAN houses' discutido no trabalho. Um dos pontos discutidos aqui é que várias lições podem ser aprendidas a partir dos modelos de negócio surgindo a partir dos 'commons sociais' nos países em desenvolvimento. A discussão entre legalidade e ilegalidade nas áreas periféricas não é nova. O trabalho do professor Boaventura de Sousa Santos e outros no final da década de 70 foi paradigmático na discussçai da ideia de 'pluralismo jurídico' com relação à ocupação da terra no Brasil. O presente trabalho deseja seguir os mesmos passos dessa tradição jurídica acerca do pluralismo jurídico. No entanto, ele está focado na ideia de propriedade intelectual e não na questão da propriedade da terra.engLan houseCultural industrySocial normsCopyrightContent industrySocial commonsLegal commonsCommonsPropriedade intelectualDireito autoralDireito de autorDireitos autoraisTecnobregaDireitoIndústria culturalPropriedade intelectualFrom legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st centuryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlereponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)instacron:FGVinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81838https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/baf68123-9e08-4acf-8ad3-07ea4c403322/downloadfa4bed2bfb2f0b7aed8a0b9054b1fb03MD52ORIGINALRonaldo Lemos - From legal commons to social commons.pdfRonaldo Lemos - From legal commons to social 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|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
title |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
spellingShingle |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century Lemos, Ronaldo Lan house Cultural industry Social norms Copyright Content industry Social commons Legal commons Commons Propriedade intelectual Direito autoral Direito de autor Direitos autorais Tecnobrega Direito Indústria cultural Propriedade intelectual |
title_short |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
title_full |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
title_fullStr |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
title_full_unstemmed |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
title_sort |
From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century |
author |
Lemos, Ronaldo |
author_facet |
Lemos, Ronaldo |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.unidadefgv.por.fl_str_mv |
Escolas::DIREITO RIO |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lemos, Ronaldo |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Lan house Cultural industry Social norms Copyright Content industry Social commons Legal commons Commons |
topic |
Lan house Cultural industry Social norms Copyright Content industry Social commons Legal commons Commons Propriedade intelectual Direito autoral Direito de autor Direitos autorais Tecnobrega Direito Indústria cultural Propriedade intelectual |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Propriedade intelectual Direito autoral Direito de autor Direitos autorais Tecnobrega |
dc.subject.area.por.fl_str_mv |
Direito |
dc.subject.bibliodata.por.fl_str_mv |
Indústria cultural Propriedade intelectual |
description |
This article describes some of the current transformations regarding the processes by which information and culture are generated, from the point of view of developing countries. In this brief analysis, the article discusses the role of projects such as Creative Commons for developing countries. It also discusses the idea of legal commons and social commons. While the idea of legal commons can be understood as the voluntary use of licenses such as Creative Commons in order to create a 'commons', the idea of social commons has to do with the tensions between legality and illegality in developing countries. These tensions appear prominently in the so-called global 'peripheries', and in many instances make the legal structure of intellectual property irrelevant, unfamiliar, or unenforceable, for various reasons. With the emergence of digital technology and the Internet, in many places and regions in developing countries (especially in the 'peripheries'), technology ended up arriving earlier than the idea of intellectual property. Such a de facto situation propitiated the emergence of cultural industries that were not driven by intellectual property incentives. In these cultural businesses, the idea of 'sharing' and of free dissemination of the content is intrinsic to the social circumstances taking place in these peripheries. Also, the appropriation of technology on the part of the 'peripheries' ends up promoting autonomous forms of bridging the digital divide, such as the 'LAN house' phenomenon discussed below. This paper proposes that many lessons can be learned from the business models emerging from social commons practices in developing countries. The tension between legality and illegality in 'peripheral' areas in developing countries is not new. The work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others in the 1970s was paradigmatic for the discussion of legal pluralism regarding the occupation of land in Brazil. This paper aims to follow in that same pioneer tradition of studies about legal pluralism, and to apply those principles to the discussion of 'intellectual property' rather than the ownership of land. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2009-06-17T21:13:47Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2009-06-17T21:13:47Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2009-06-17 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2677 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2677 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) instacron:FGV |
instname_str |
Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
instacron_str |
FGV |
institution |
FGV |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
collection |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/baf68123-9e08-4acf-8ad3-07ea4c403322/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/5aeb82c2-c9f8-45c1-aabf-5b9ef4049a8d/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/9230acc9-8d0d-4414-b34a-46408b3de630/download https://repositorio.fgv.br/bitstreams/0d0f7b1d-374c-4112-946f-554369c0d3da/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
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bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital) - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
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1810023657271984128 |