Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ewald,Paul W
Data de Publicação: 1998
Outros Autores: Sussman,Jeremy B, Distler,Matthew T, Libel,Camila, Chammas,Wahid P, Dirita,Victor J, Salles,Carlos André, Vicente,Ana Carolina, Heitmann,Ingrid, Cabello,Felipe
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Texto Completo: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761998000500002
Resumo: Evolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. Theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. The entrance of Vibrio cholerae into South America in 1991 has generated a natural experiment that allows testing of this idea by determining whether geographic and temporal variations in toxigenicity correspond to variation in the potential for waterborne transmission. Preliminary studies show such correspondences: toxigenicity is negatively associated with access to uncontaminated water in Brazil; and in Chile, where the potential for waterborne transmission is particularly low, toxigenicity of strains declined between 1991 and 1998. In theory vector-proofing of houses should be similarly associated with benignity of vectorborne pathogens, such as the agents of dengue, malaria, and Chagas' disease. These preliminary studies draw attention to the need for definitive prospective experiments to determine whether interventions such as provisioning of uncontaminated water and vector-proofing of houses cause evolutionary reductions in virulence
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spelling Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogensinfectious diseasescontrolpathogenswaterborne transmissionEvolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. Theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. The entrance of Vibrio cholerae into South America in 1991 has generated a natural experiment that allows testing of this idea by determining whether geographic and temporal variations in toxigenicity correspond to variation in the potential for waterborne transmission. Preliminary studies show such correspondences: toxigenicity is negatively associated with access to uncontaminated water in Brazil; and in Chile, where the potential for waterborne transmission is particularly low, toxigenicity of strains declined between 1991 and 1998. In theory vector-proofing of houses should be similarly associated with benignity of vectorborne pathogens, such as the agents of dengue, malaria, and Chagas' disease. These preliminary studies draw attention to the need for definitive prospective experiments to determine whether interventions such as provisioning of uncontaminated water and vector-proofing of houses cause evolutionary reductions in virulenceInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde1998-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761998000500002Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz v.93 n.5 1998reponame:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruzinstname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruzinstacron:FIOCRUZ10.1590/S0074-02761998000500002info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEwald,Paul WSussman,Jeremy BDistler,Matthew TLibel,CamilaChammas,Wahid PDirita,Victor JSalles,Carlos AndréVicente,Ana CarolinaHeitmann,IngridCabello,Felipeeng2020-04-25T17:47:54Zhttp://www.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php0074-02761678-8060opendoar:null2020-04-26 02:08:14.511Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruztrue
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
title Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
spellingShingle Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
Ewald,Paul W
infectious diseases
control
pathogens
waterborne transmission
title_short Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
title_full Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
title_fullStr Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
title_sort Evolutionary Control of Infectious Disease: Prospects for Vectorborne and Waterborne Pathogens
author Ewald,Paul W
author_facet Ewald,Paul W
Sussman,Jeremy B
Distler,Matthew T
Libel,Camila
Chammas,Wahid P
Dirita,Victor J
Salles,Carlos André
Vicente,Ana Carolina
Heitmann,Ingrid
Cabello,Felipe
author_role author
author2 Sussman,Jeremy B
Distler,Matthew T
Libel,Camila
Chammas,Wahid P
Dirita,Victor J
Salles,Carlos André
Vicente,Ana Carolina
Heitmann,Ingrid
Cabello,Felipe
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ewald,Paul W
Sussman,Jeremy B
Distler,Matthew T
Libel,Camila
Chammas,Wahid P
Dirita,Victor J
Salles,Carlos André
Vicente,Ana Carolina
Heitmann,Ingrid
Cabello,Felipe
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv infectious diseases
control
pathogens
waterborne transmission
topic infectious diseases
control
pathogens
waterborne transmission
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Evolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. Theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. The entrance of Vibrio cholerae into South America in 1991 has generated a natural experiment that allows testing of this idea by determining whether geographic and temporal variations in toxigenicity correspond to variation in the potential for waterborne transmission. Preliminary studies show such correspondences: toxigenicity is negatively associated with access to uncontaminated water in Brazil; and in Chile, where the potential for waterborne transmission is particularly low, toxigenicity of strains declined between 1991 and 1998. In theory vector-proofing of houses should be similarly associated with benignity of vectorborne pathogens, such as the agents of dengue, malaria, and Chagas' disease. These preliminary studies draw attention to the need for definitive prospective experiments to determine whether interventions such as provisioning of uncontaminated water and vector-proofing of houses cause evolutionary reductions in virulence
description Evolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. Theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. The entrance of Vibrio cholerae into South America in 1991 has generated a natural experiment that allows testing of this idea by determining whether geographic and temporal variations in toxigenicity correspond to variation in the potential for waterborne transmission. Preliminary studies show such correspondences: toxigenicity is negatively associated with access to uncontaminated water in Brazil; and in Chile, where the potential for waterborne transmission is particularly low, toxigenicity of strains declined between 1991 and 1998. In theory vector-proofing of houses should be similarly associated with benignity of vectorborne pathogens, such as the agents of dengue, malaria, and Chagas' disease. These preliminary studies draw attention to the need for definitive prospective experiments to determine whether interventions such as provisioning of uncontaminated water and vector-proofing of houses cause evolutionary reductions in virulence
publishDate 1998
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 1998-09-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761998000500002
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761998000500002
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/S0074-02761998000500002
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv text/html
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz v.93 n.5 1998
reponame:Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
instacron:FIOCRUZ
reponame_str Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
collection Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
instname_str Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
instacron_str FIOCRUZ
institution FIOCRUZ
repository.name.fl_str_mv Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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