Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian children under 5 years old: Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)

• Autor(a) principal: Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Inês
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Outros Autores: Normando, Paula, Rodrigues Farias, Dayana, Lelis Berti, Talita, Machado Schincaglia, Raquel, Gomes Andrade, Pedro, Bertoni, Neilane, Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Elisa, Antonio dos Anjos, Luiz, Siqueira Boccolini, Cristiano, Citelli dos Reis, Marta, Fioruci Bezerra, Flávia, de Fátima Campos Pedrosa, Lúcia, Afonso Jordão Junior, Alceu, Israel Cabral de Lira, Pedro, Kac, Gilberto, on Child Nutrition, Brazilian Consortium
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Cadernos de Saúde Pública
• Texto Completo: https://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/ojs/index.php/csp/article/view/8366
• topic: Pré-escolar; Micronutrientes; Determinantes Sociais da Saúde; Inquéritos e Questionários; Preescolar; Micronutrientes; Determinantes Sociales de la Salud; Encuestas y Cuestionarios; Preeschool Child; Micronutrients; Social Determinants of Health; Surveys and Questionnaires

Factors associated with anemia and vitamin A deficiency were investigated in 7,716 children 6-59 months of age studied in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). We adopted a hierarchical approach based on a United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) theoretical model with three levels, stratifying by age (6-23; 24-59 months). Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated. Enabling determinants: a higher prevalence of anemia was observed in children 6-23 months whose mothers had ≤ 7 years of schooling (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.10; 3.34), < 20 years old (PR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.34; 4.56) or 20-30 years old (PR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.11; 3.44), mixed-race (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.06; 2.23); and in children 24-59 months in the North Region (PR = 3.11; 95%CI: 1.58; 6.13). A higher prevalence for vitamin A deficiency was observed in children 6-23 months from Central-West (PR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.33; 4.05), and in children 24-59 months living in the North (PR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16; 3.30), South (PR = 3.07; 95%CI: 1.89; 5.01), and Central-West (PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12; 3.25) and whose mothers were 20-34 years (PR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.11; 2.35). Underlying determinants: the presence of more than one child < 5 years old in the household was associated with a higher prevalence of anemia (PR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.15; 2.25) and vitamin A deficiency (PR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.09; 3.05) in children 6-23 months. Immediate determinants: consumption of 1-2 groups of ultra-processed foods in children 24-59 months (PR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.81) and lack of breastfeeding in the day before in children 6-23 months (PR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36; 0.95) were associated with lower prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Public policies focused on geographically and socially vulnerable groups are needed to promote equity.