Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2007 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007001300010 |
Resumo: | The governments of numerous low- and middle-income countries are currently instituting rules that strengthen changes in domestic intellectual property legislation, often made to conform to the mandates of "free" trade agreements signed with the United States. These measures frequently include intellectual property provisions that extend beyond the patent law standards agreed upon in recent World Trade Organization negotiations, which promised to balance the exigencies of public health and patent holders. In this paper, we analyze the concern that this augmentation of patent law standards will curtail access to essential medicines, particularly as they relate to the AIDS pandemic. We critically examine the potential threats posed by trade agreements vis-à-vis efforts to provide universal access to antiretroviral medications and contend that the conditioning of economic development upon the strengthening of intellectual property law demands careful attention when public health is at stake. Finally, we examine advocacy successes in challenging patent law and conclude that greater advocacy and policy strategies are needed to ensure the protection of global health in trade negotiations. |
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Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreementsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAnti-retroviral AgentsDrug IndustryGeneric DrugsThe governments of numerous low- and middle-income countries are currently instituting rules that strengthen changes in domestic intellectual property legislation, often made to conform to the mandates of "free" trade agreements signed with the United States. These measures frequently include intellectual property provisions that extend beyond the patent law standards agreed upon in recent World Trade Organization negotiations, which promised to balance the exigencies of public health and patent holders. In this paper, we analyze the concern that this augmentation of patent law standards will curtail access to essential medicines, particularly as they relate to the AIDS pandemic. We critically examine the potential threats posed by trade agreements vis-à-vis efforts to provide universal access to antiretroviral medications and contend that the conditioning of economic development upon the strengthening of intellectual property law demands careful attention when public health is at stake. Finally, we examine advocacy successes in challenging patent law and conclude that greater advocacy and policy strategies are needed to ensure the protection of global health in trade negotiations.Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz2007-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007001300010Cadernos de Saúde Pública v.23 suppl.1 2007reponame:Cadernos de Saúde Públicainstname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZ10.1590/S0102-311X2007001300010info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCastro,ArachuWesterhaus,Michaeleng2007-02-09T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0102-311X2007001300010Revistahttp://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/csp/https://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phpcadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br||cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br1678-44640102-311Xopendoar:2007-02-09T00:00Cadernos de Saúde Pública - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
title |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
spellingShingle |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements Castro,Arachu Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Anti-retroviral Agents Drug Industry Generic Drugs |
title_short |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
title_full |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
title_fullStr |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
title_sort |
Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements |
author |
Castro,Arachu |
author_facet |
Castro,Arachu Westerhaus,Michael |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Westerhaus,Michael |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Castro,Arachu Westerhaus,Michael |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Anti-retroviral Agents Drug Industry Generic Drugs |
topic |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Anti-retroviral Agents Drug Industry Generic Drugs |
description |
The governments of numerous low- and middle-income countries are currently instituting rules that strengthen changes in domestic intellectual property legislation, often made to conform to the mandates of "free" trade agreements signed with the United States. These measures frequently include intellectual property provisions that extend beyond the patent law standards agreed upon in recent World Trade Organization negotiations, which promised to balance the exigencies of public health and patent holders. In this paper, we analyze the concern that this augmentation of patent law standards will curtail access to essential medicines, particularly as they relate to the AIDS pandemic. We critically examine the potential threats posed by trade agreements vis-à-vis efforts to provide universal access to antiretroviral medications and contend that the conditioning of economic development upon the strengthening of intellectual property law demands careful attention when public health is at stake. Finally, we examine advocacy successes in challenging patent law and conclude that greater advocacy and policy strategies are needed to ensure the protection of global health in trade negotiations. |
publishDate |
2007 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2007-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007001300010 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007001300010 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S0102-311X2007001300010 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública v.23 suppl.1 2007 reponame:Cadernos de Saúde Pública instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) instacron:FIOCRUZ |
instname_str |
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
instacron_str |
FIOCRUZ |
institution |
FIOCRUZ |
reponame_str |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
collection |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Cadernos de Saúde Pública - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br||cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br |
_version_ |
1754115726865596416 |