Cem anos de políticas de drogas no Brasil: análise sob a ótica do Neoinstitucionalismo das ideias

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, José Guilherme Magalhães e
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Fundação João Pinheiro
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.fjp.mg.gov.br/handle/tede/582
• topic: Drogas; Política Governamental; Controle Social; Legislação; Brasil; ADMINISTRACAO PUBLICA::POLITICA E PLANEJAMENTO GOVERNAMENTAIS

Decree 4,294/1921 inaugurated the Brazilian normative and institutional tradition of dealing with the production, supply and consumption of drugs in a punitive manner. A century later, the prohibition of a list of substances remains in force, being now backed by a sophisticated regulatory framework and supporting an institutional network dedicated to the governance of state responses. This dissertation sought to identify normative and institutional mechanisms responsible for the continuity of the prohibitionist model of drug control in Brazil. We resorted to content analysis of a vast documentary and bibliographic material, including laws, decrees, resolutions, conventions, ordinances, etc., from two theoretical perspectives: the Neoinstitutionalism of Ideas (or Construtivist Neoinstitutionalism) and Path Dependence, theories that provide interpretation keys to understand the dynamics of continuity and transformation of relatively stable institutions over time. The results showed that: i) Prohibitionism survived in the country thanks to its characteristics of ideational resilience, which includes its ability to adapt and absorb concepts from other political alternatives and its ability to avoid the success of antagonistic solutions on the political agenda (qualities that end up guaranteeing him survival, despite his own flaws); ii) in the spheres of Health and Public Security, the normative and institutional frameworks formed reflect ideas-force in harmony with the ideal of repression, such as the “medical-sanitary” model and the ideologies of “National Security”, “Social Defense” and of “Law and Order” (ideologies defended by different moral entrepreneurs); iii) although important, the institutional transformations that took place from the 1990s onwards (legislative provision of “Harm Reduction” approaches and the extrication of users), were restricted to the scope of the political solutions adopted; the broader ideas or frameworks that support them have remained untouched (repression continues to provide the main background for the political agenda), as has happened with intermediate-level ideas and frameworks (drug supply and consumption continue to be identified as political problems); iv) there is a current asymmetries of power in favor of agents favorable to criminalization and abstinence, consolidating an internal context that is not very favorable to the success of proposals to overcome Prohibitionism.