Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease.
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences |
Texto Completo: | https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/495 |
Resumo: | AD is a neurodegenerative disease and is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for more than 4% of deaths in 2016. The dementia-related death rate from AD was more than 45 per 100,000 in a 2013 European study. The prevalence of atypical AD, most common in individuals under 65 years of age, ranges from 15-65/100,000, with some patients experiencing visual or motor difficulties, executive dysfunction, and other symptoms. The pathogenesis of AD is linked to the presence of clusters of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, known as neuritic plaques, and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. These plaques are formed from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the action of enzymes, while neurofibrillary tangles consist mainly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The relationship between Aβ and tau is synergistic in neurotoxicity, with evidence that Aβ can trigger the formation of tau tangles. Biometals such as iron, copper and zinc have also been linked to AD, with dysregulation of these metals contributing to nervous system toxicity. Genetic factors, including the APOE gene and mutations in the APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes, also play an important role in AD. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Mutations in the APP gene are associated with an accumulation of Aβ, while mutations in PSEN-1 and PSEN-2 affect Aβ production. Clinical manifestations include memory loss, depression, anxiety, language disorders and other cognitive and behavioral changes. The phase of AD varies from preclinical to severe, progressively affecting the patient's daily functioning. Diagnosis combines clinical assessment, neuropsychological tests and biomarkers such as tau protein, Aβ42 and brain imaging. Treatment involves medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, as well as therapies being studied that target Aβ proteins. Healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity and diet, also play an important role in preventing and treating AD. |
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Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease.Mente y memoria: una exploración multidisciplinaria de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.Mente e memória : uma exploração multidisciplinar da doença de Alzheimer.doença de AlzheimerdemenciamemóriaAlzheimer's diseasedementiamemoryenfermedad de alzheimerlocuramemoriaAD is a neurodegenerative disease and is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for more than 4% of deaths in 2016. The dementia-related death rate from AD was more than 45 per 100,000 in a 2013 European study. The prevalence of atypical AD, most common in individuals under 65 years of age, ranges from 15-65/100,000, with some patients experiencing visual or motor difficulties, executive dysfunction, and other symptoms. The pathogenesis of AD is linked to the presence of clusters of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, known as neuritic plaques, and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. These plaques are formed from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the action of enzymes, while neurofibrillary tangles consist mainly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The relationship between Aβ and tau is synergistic in neurotoxicity, with evidence that Aβ can trigger the formation of tau tangles. Biometals such as iron, copper and zinc have also been linked to AD, with dysregulation of these metals contributing to nervous system toxicity. Genetic factors, including the APOE gene and mutations in the APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes, also play an important role in AD. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Mutations in the APP gene are associated with an accumulation of Aβ, while mutations in PSEN-1 and PSEN-2 affect Aβ production. Clinical manifestations include memory loss, depression, anxiety, language disorders and other cognitive and behavioral changes. The phase of AD varies from preclinical to severe, progressively affecting the patient's daily functioning. Diagnosis combines clinical assessment, neuropsychological tests and biomarkers such as tau protein, Aβ42 and brain imaging. Treatment involves medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, as well as therapies being studied that target Aβ proteins. Healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity and diet, also play an important role in preventing and treating AD.La EA es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa y es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, representando más del 4% de las muertes en 2016. La tasa de mortalidad relacionada con la demencia por EA fue de más de 45 por 100.000 en un estudio europeo de 2013. La prevalencia de la EA atípica, más común en personas menores de 65 años, oscila entre 15 y 65/100.000, y algunos pacientes experimentan dificultades visuales o motoras, disfunción ejecutiva y otros síntomas. La patogénesis de la EA está relacionada con la presencia de grupos de proteína beta amiloide extracelular (Aβ), conocidas como placas neuríticas, y ovillos de proteínas tau hiperfosforiladas. Estas placas se forman a partir de la proteína precursora de amiloide (APP) por la acción de enzimas, mientras que los ovillos neurofibrilares están formados principalmente por proteína tau hiperfosforilada. La relación entre Aβ y tau es sinérgica en la neurotoxicidad, con evidencia de que Aβ puede desencadenar la formación de ovillos de tau. Biometales como el hierro, el cobre y el zinc también se han relacionado con la EA, y la desregulación de estos metales contribuye a la toxicidad del sistema nervioso. Los factores genéticos, incluido el gen APOE y las mutaciones en los genes APP, PSEN-1 y PSEN-2, también desempeñan un papel importante en la EA. La presencia del alelo APOE ε4 aumenta significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Las mutaciones en el gen APP se asocian con una acumulación de Aβ, mientras que las mutaciones en PSEN-1 y PSEN-2 afectan la producción de Aβ. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen pérdida de memoria, depresión, ansiedad, trastornos del lenguaje y otros cambios cognitivos y conductuales. La fase de la EA varía desde preclínica hasta grave, afectando progresivamente el funcionamiento diario del paciente. El diagnóstico combina la evaluación clínica, pruebas neuropsicológicas y biomarcadores como la proteína tau, el Aβ42 y las imágenes cerebrales. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos como inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa y memantina, así como terapias en estudio dirigidas a las proteínas Aβ. Los estilos de vida saludables, como la actividad física y la dieta, también desempeñan un papel importante en la prevención y el tratamiento de la EA.A DA é uma doença neurodegenerativa, sendo uma das principais causas de morte global, respondendo por mais de 4% das mortes em 2016. A taxa de mortalidade relacionada à demência da DA foi de mais de 45 por 100.000 em um estudo europeu de 2013. A prevalência da DA atípica, mais comum em indivíduos com menos de 65 anos, varia entre 15-65/100.000, com alguns pacientes apresentando dificuldades visuais ou motoras, disfunção executiva e outros sintomas. A patogênese da DA está ligada à presença de aglomerados de proteína beta-amiloide (Aβ) extracelular, conhecidos como placas neuríticas, e emaranhados de proteínas tau hiperfosforiladas. Essas placas são formadas a partir da proteína precursora de amiloide (APP) por ação de enzimas, enquanto os emaranhados neurofibrilares consistem principalmente de proteína tau hiperfosforilada. A relação entre Aβ e tau é sinérgica na neurotoxicidade, com evidências de que o Aβ pode desencadear a formação de emaranhados de tau. Biometais como ferro, cobre e zinco também foram associados à DA, com a desregulação desses metais contribuindo para a toxicidade do sistema nervoso. Fatores genéticos, incluindo o gene APOE e mutações nos genes APP, PSEN-1 e PSEN-2, também desempenham um papel importante na DA. A presença do alelo APOE ε4 aumenta significativamente o risco de desenvolver a doença. Mutações no gene APP estão associadas a um acúmulo de Aβ, enquanto mutações em PSEN-1 e PSEN-2 afetam a produção de Aβ. As manifestações clínicas incluem perda de memória, depressão, ansiedade, distúrbios de linguagem e outras alterações cognitivas e comportamentais. A fase da DA varia de pré-clínica a grave, afetando progressivamente o funcionamento diário do paciente. O diagnóstico combina avaliação clínica, testes neuropsicológicos e biomarcadores, como proteína tau, Aβ42 e imagens cerebrais. O tratamento envolve medicamentos como inibidores da acetilcolinesterase e memantina, além de terapias em estudo que visam as proteínas Aβ. Estilos de vida saudáveis, como atividade física e dieta, também desempenham um papel importante na prevenção e tratamento da DA.Specialized Dentistry Group2023-09-11info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/49510.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n4p1695-1709Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; Vol. 5 No. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-1709Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; Vol. 5 Núm. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-1709Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; v. 5 n. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-17092674-8169reponame:Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciencesinstname:Grupo de Odontologia Especializada (GOE)instacron:GOEporhttps://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/495/605Copyright (c) 2023 Bruno Zanuto, Ana Luiza Bosch, Beatriz Barreira Nunes Rodrigues Kawaguti, Daiana de Freitas Ferreira Ramo, Daniela Luiz Nery, Hiago Silva Rocha, Lênio Airam de Pinho, Mychelle Christan Cortês, Nayara Silva Lobo, Victorya Machado Silva de Melohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessZanuto, BrunoBosch, Ana LuizaKawaguti, Beatriz Barreira Nunes RodriguesRamo, Daiana de Freitas FerreiraNery, Daniela LuizRocha, Hiago SilvaPinho, Lênio Airam deCortês, Mychelle ChristianLobo, Nayara SilvaMelo, Victorya Machado Silva de2023-09-12T08:38:51Zoai:ojs.bjihs.emnuvens.com.br:article/495Revistahttps://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihsONGhttps://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/oaijournal.bjihs@periodicosbrasil.com.br2674-81692674-8169opendoar:2023-09-12T08:38:51Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences - Grupo de Odontologia Especializada (GOE)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. Mente y memoria: una exploración multidisciplinaria de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Mente e memória : uma exploração multidisciplinar da doença de Alzheimer. |
title |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
spellingShingle |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. Zanuto, Bruno doença de Alzheimer demencia memória Alzheimer's disease dementia memory enfermedad de alzheimer locura memoria |
title_short |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
title_full |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
title_fullStr |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
title_sort |
Mind and memory: a multidisciplinary exploration of Alzheimer's disease. |
author |
Zanuto, Bruno |
author_facet |
Zanuto, Bruno Bosch, Ana Luiza Kawaguti, Beatriz Barreira Nunes Rodrigues Ramo, Daiana de Freitas Ferreira Nery, Daniela Luiz Rocha, Hiago Silva Pinho, Lênio Airam de Cortês, Mychelle Christian Lobo, Nayara Silva Melo, Victorya Machado Silva de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Bosch, Ana Luiza Kawaguti, Beatriz Barreira Nunes Rodrigues Ramo, Daiana de Freitas Ferreira Nery, Daniela Luiz Rocha, Hiago Silva Pinho, Lênio Airam de Cortês, Mychelle Christian Lobo, Nayara Silva Melo, Victorya Machado Silva de |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Zanuto, Bruno Bosch, Ana Luiza Kawaguti, Beatriz Barreira Nunes Rodrigues Ramo, Daiana de Freitas Ferreira Nery, Daniela Luiz Rocha, Hiago Silva Pinho, Lênio Airam de Cortês, Mychelle Christian Lobo, Nayara Silva Melo, Victorya Machado Silva de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
doença de Alzheimer demencia memória Alzheimer's disease dementia memory enfermedad de alzheimer locura memoria |
topic |
doença de Alzheimer demencia memória Alzheimer's disease dementia memory enfermedad de alzheimer locura memoria |
description |
AD is a neurodegenerative disease and is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for more than 4% of deaths in 2016. The dementia-related death rate from AD was more than 45 per 100,000 in a 2013 European study. The prevalence of atypical AD, most common in individuals under 65 years of age, ranges from 15-65/100,000, with some patients experiencing visual or motor difficulties, executive dysfunction, and other symptoms. The pathogenesis of AD is linked to the presence of clusters of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, known as neuritic plaques, and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. These plaques are formed from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the action of enzymes, while neurofibrillary tangles consist mainly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The relationship between Aβ and tau is synergistic in neurotoxicity, with evidence that Aβ can trigger the formation of tau tangles. Biometals such as iron, copper and zinc have also been linked to AD, with dysregulation of these metals contributing to nervous system toxicity. Genetic factors, including the APOE gene and mutations in the APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes, also play an important role in AD. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Mutations in the APP gene are associated with an accumulation of Aβ, while mutations in PSEN-1 and PSEN-2 affect Aβ production. Clinical manifestations include memory loss, depression, anxiety, language disorders and other cognitive and behavioral changes. The phase of AD varies from preclinical to severe, progressively affecting the patient's daily functioning. Diagnosis combines clinical assessment, neuropsychological tests and biomarkers such as tau protein, Aβ42 and brain imaging. Treatment involves medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, as well as therapies being studied that target Aβ proteins. Healthy lifestyles, such as physical activity and diet, also play an important role in preventing and treating AD. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-09-11 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/495 10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n4p1695-1709 |
url |
https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/495 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n4p1695-1709 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/495/605 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Specialized Dentistry Group |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Specialized Dentistry Group |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; Vol. 5 No. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-1709 Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; Vol. 5 Núm. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-1709 Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences ; v. 5 n. 4 (2023): BJIHS QUALIS B3; 1695-1709 2674-8169 reponame:Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences instname:Grupo de Odontologia Especializada (GOE) instacron:GOE |
instname_str |
Grupo de Odontologia Especializada (GOE) |
instacron_str |
GOE |
institution |
GOE |
reponame_str |
Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences |
collection |
Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences - Grupo de Odontologia Especializada (GOE) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
journal.bjihs@periodicosbrasil.com.br |
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1796798438865633280 |