The THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITIONAL THERAPY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Larissa Silva Gradil
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Outros Autores: Santos, Letícia Rodrigues dos, Lima, Carlos Alexandre Neves, Costa, Ana Adélya Alves, Sousa, Larissa Maria de, Borges, Rayssa Layrisse Alves, Silva, Aline Marques Nerys da, Ferreira, Paulo Otavio da Silva, Araújo, Karen Larisse Santos de, Oliveira, Elaine Cristina de
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Texto Completo: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/456
• topic: Doença pulmonar; Terapia nutricional; Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; Pulmonary disease; Nutritional therapy; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by chronic obstruction of the respiratory flow due to an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs, mainly affecting the bronchi and/or alveoli. It arises as a result of various lung disorders, such as emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis and other diseases that cause a decrease in the aeration of the lower airways. COPD mainly affects people in their forties, exposed to tobacco, environmental pollution, chemical pollutants, coal dust and smoke, but smoking is the main risk factor. Malnutrition reveals a poor prognosis of the disease, increasing the risk of infections due to decreased cellular immunity, reduced diaphragm muscle mass, leading to less strength and resistance of the respiratory muscles, as a result of which there is low tolerance to exercise and worsening of quality of life, therefore, an efficient dietary monitoring capable of modifying and reversing this situation is extremely important. The main objective of this research is to discuss the effectiveness of nutritional therapy and its benefits regarding the nutritional status of the patient affected by the disease. This is a narrative, descriptive and qualitative literature review on the subject, active searches were carried out in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil (SciELO). There is a prevalence of loss of weight and muscle mass, which may evolve negatively to cases of pulmonary cachexia. Patients who are malnourished are more susceptible to dyspnea, dynamic hyperinflation and, in general, diffusion capacity is more impaired. Regarding the distribution of macronutrients, the offer of calories in the form of protein must satisfy 20% of the patient's total energy expenditure, the other 80% will be distributed between carbohydrates and lipids. Individualized nutritional therapy should be instituted early, in order to provide an increase in nutritional status, immune, muscle and respiratory function.