Current perspectives on Cushing's syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic bases

• Autor(a) principal: Vytor Cardoso Nobre, Paulo
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: Wanderley Rosa, Alice, Fernando de Brito Malta, Marcos, Silva Florentino , Hérica, Antônio Gomes de Oliveira , Marcos, Renata Gerbase Vidal , Maria, Inês Costa Cordeiro , Karine, Lavinas Lúcio da Silva, Caroline, de Lima Almeida Reis, Thierry, Fernanda Amorim Madeiros Ribeiro, Nayara, Silva Ribeiro, Juliana, Filipe Vieira Rodrigues , Everton
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences
• Texto Completo: https://bjihs.emnuvens.com.br/bjihs/article/view/1861
• topic: síndrome de cushing; doença de Cushing; diagnóstico; tratamento; cushing's syndrome; cushing's disease; diagnosis; treatment

Introduction: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a medical condition resulting from chronic and excessive exposure to high levels of cortisol, whether of endogenous or exogenous origin. Common symptoms include central obesity, redistribution of body fat, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, increased blood glucose, skin fragility and susceptibility to infections. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Cushing's syndrome. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review that included original articles and systematic reviews in English and Portuguese, which addressed the diagnosis and treatment of CS, published between 2012 and 2024, selected from the PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases. After careful selection, 21 articles were chosen to compose this bibliographic review. Results: CS is a complete condition and can use several diagnostic methods to discover the condition and etiology, such as measuring nocturnal salivary cortisol, urinary free cortisol, low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and imaging tests. Treatment varies depending on the etiology and includes transsphenoidal surgery, surgical excision of the extrapituitary tumor, or adrenalectomy. Pharmacological measures can be applied, such as inhibitors of cortisol synthesis and ACTH secretion. Considerations: CS presents a wide range of clinical symptoms, and biochemical confirmation of hypercortisolism and measurement of ACTH is crucial, in addition to the use of imaging tests. Management aims to resolve the underlying cause, using surgical and pharmacological interventions, with the aim of promoting a better quality of life for patients.