Flora exótica no Parque Nacional de Brasília: levantamento e classificação das espécies

• Autor(a) principal: Horowitz, Christiane
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Outros Autores: Martins, Carlos Romero, Machado Tele Walter, Bruno
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biodiversidade Brasileira
• Texto Completo: https://revistaeletronica.icmbio.gov.br/BioBR/article/view/353
• topic: cerrado; flora exótica; Parque Nacional de Brasília; plantas invasoras; alien flora; Brasilia National Park; Cerrado; invasive plant; Cerrado; flora exótica; Parque Nacional de Brasilia; plantas invasoras

The Cerrado biome is the richest savanna in the world, but one of the most threatened biomes. The Parque Nacional de Brasília protects the largest and most representative Cerrado remnant of Distrito Federal, however, invasion by alien species compromises the integrity of this important area. The presence of several invasive species, especially grasses, are main issues and challenges to preserve it. Based on management and research projects developed in the park area so-called Area 1, we identified alien species with invasive behavior or propensity to become invasive. In line with the theoretical framework of the process of biological invasion, the species were classified into: Alien Casual with low (L) or medium/high (MH) propensity of establishment and population growth; Alien Persistent with low (L) or medium/high (MH) potential risk of invasion and Alien Invasive in early-stage (I) or medium/advanced (MA) stage of dispersion/ colonization. There are 126 alien species at the Park. Most of them (68,2%) were used as ornamental, alimentary and medicinal purposes. Nowadays 39 alien species are considered as high risk of invasion, distributed as follows: Alien Casual MH: 2; Alien Persistent MH: 16; Alien Invasive I: 12; and Alien Invasive MA: 9. The management of alien flora, directed by the Center for Research and Management of the Park, prioritizes the species included in these classes and subclasses. In order of predominance, the grasses Melinis minutiflora, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa decumbens and Hyparrhenia rufa are in early invasion process. The species classification presented in this article was useful to guide the alien flora management. Basic actions for eradication/control have stopped the invasion process of some arboreal and shrubby species that were once classified as Casual MH, Persistent MH and Invasive I. However, considering grasses classified as Persistent MH, Invasive I and Invasive MA, the problem is becoming worse. Phyllostachys bambusoides and Eragrostis tenuifolia appear as invaders in the Park area. Leucaena leucocephala, Tithonia diversifolia and Arundo donax, extremely aggressive species that come from nearby regions, represent another threat to the Park. Constant monitoring and managing, when necessary, are essencial actions to preserve this important sample of Cerrado flora in the Park