A ecologia dos arbovirus na Amazônia

• Autor(a) principal: Dégallier, Nicolas
• Data de Publicação: 1994
• Outros Autores: Rosa, Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da, Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa, Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro, Sá Filho, Gregorio Carneiro, Rosa, Jorge Fernando Soares Travassos da
• Tipo de documento: Artigo de conferência
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá)
• Texto Completo: https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/6785
• topic: Arbovírus / isolamento & purificação; Arbovírus / patogenicidade; Arbovírus / classificação; Congressos como Assunto; Resumo de Reunião; Amazônia

Arboviruses (or Arthropod—borne viruses) are considered as components of ecosystems. The ecological niche of an arbovirus is thought as a multidimensional space where viral surface receptor are interacting with host’s antibodies (host specificity), bloodsucking vectors are coevolving with vertebrate hosts, and non-biotic factors are influencing host population dynamics. The RNA-nature of arboviruses, allied to very fast multiplication cycles, allow them to adapt very quickly to ecological changes. However, various genetical, historical and ecological constraints are probably the cause of their non-random distribution. In Brazilian Amazonia, where endemicity is very high, a 183 different species of arboviruses have been isolated, 135 of which are autochtonous to the region and only six are encountered in continents other than Americas. Their cycles have been classified according to their complexity and/or nature of their host, but this data did not give much insight about the dynamics of their transmission. A classification, based on multifactorial analysis is presented for arboviruses whose vertebrate hosts are mainly birds. The preferential vegetation types and levels of the birds have been used as ecological variables. The best documented results are (i) the probable existence of serological constraints, preventing two serologically cross-reacting viruses from multiplicating in the same host at the same time; (ii) the continuous ecological distribution of each arbovirus from one type and level of vegetation to another, justifying a statistical approach for these studies. Other constraints, especially genetical (or phylogenetical) ones are not yet identified.