Strategy to improve malaria surveillance system preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks using molecular diagnostic

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Sérgio Antônio Batista dos
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Freitas, Daniel Roberto C, Raiol, Milene, Cabral, Gleyce F, Feio, Ana Cecília, Póvoa, Marinete Marins, Cunha, Maristela G, Santos, Andrea Kely Campos Ribeiro dos
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá)
• Texto Completo: https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/3511
• topic: Malária / parasitologia; Malária / transmissão; Doadores de Sangue; Bancos de Sangue / provisão & distribuição; Análise Química do Sangue / métodos; Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real / métodos; Segurança do Sangue / normas; Plasmodium vivax / patogenicidade; Pará (PA); Rondônia (RO)

Background: Malaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic or parasitic donors. The parasites are released into the bloodstream during its life cycle and will therefore be present in donated blood by infected individuals. All cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) notifed since 2005 in Brazil were fatal. A good screening tool for Plasmodium spp. detection in blood units must have a high detection threshold, and the prevention of TTM relies entirely on the exclusion of potentially infected donors. However, in Brazilian blood banks, the screening test relies on blood thick smears examination. Methods: The molecular diagnostic based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using real time PCR (mt-qPCR) was improved to detect Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and standardized for use in Plasmodium malariae. The analytic sensitivity of this mt-qPCR methodology was performed using a sample of P. vivax. Results: The mt-qPCR was highly efcient, and the analytic sensitivity for P. vivax was determined (0.000006 para‑ sites/µL). This method was tested to detect P. vivax and P. falciparum in individuals from two malaria-endemic areas in Brazil, Amazon region (Pará and Rondônia states), the samples were collected in 10 reference units of two blood banks (Pará/nine cities and Rondônia/Porto Velho), and parasites mtDNA were detected in 10 of 2224 potential blood donors (0.45%). In all 10 positive samples, only P. vivax was detected. Conclusion: Molecular diagnostic using mt-qPCR was efective in revealing infected potential donors with good per‑ spectives to be applied as screening routine of asymptomatic carriers for preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks.