Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Trabalho de conclusão de curso |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ifap.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/361 |
Resumo: | The Brazil nut tree (Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl) is an important species for extractive exploration in the Amazon, being a source of income for rural and urban workers. It has a wide distribution in the terra firme forests of the Amazon, and as it is a species of great economic relevance, some studies on phenology have already been developed, as the knowledge of the different stages of plant growth and development allows the definition of sustainable use strategies. Repetitive phenological events such as fruiting, flowering and dispersal are strongly related to local biotic and abiotic conditions, and are regulated by endogenous characteristics associated with climate variations that regulate the time, intensity, duration and periodicity of events. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the phenological pattern of Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl for the Legal Amazon, and check if there is any temporal pattern of fruiting, flowering and seed dispersal of the species in the region. The phenological information was obtained through a bibliometric survey of several studies (articles, theses and dissertations) on the phenology of the chestnut tree in the Amazon. By means of a presence and absence matrix (with the places where the studies were carried out in the lines and the months of occurrence of the chestnut phenophases in the columns) an ordering analysis (NMDS) was performed using the Sorensen similarity index as a method distance, to see if there is any temporal similarity of the phenophases between the states in the Legal Amazon. Envif analysis was applied to verify whether the precipitation and annual mean temperature variables are correlated with the ordination axes and with the groups formed. The fruiting of Brazil nut was persistent in the rainy season and tended to occur throughout the year in places with higher average annual rainfall. The flowering of the species occurred over a longer period in places with higher precipitation and average annual temperature (October to March), and in places with less precipitation, flowering tended to come forward (beginning in September) occurring in a shorter period (end in January). Dispersion tended to start in September, October or November, ending in March in places with higher average temperature, and tended to occur in the rainy season in places with higher average precipitation. It is noteworthy that the knowledge of the phenological patterns of the Amazon nut allows efficient decisions to be taken regarding its management. Through climatic predictability, it is possible to select better areas of Brazil nut groves, for example, those with higher annual averages of precipitation, as fruiting takes place for 12 months and flowering is extended, thus ensuring productivity throughout the year. |
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Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia LegalAmazônia - BrasilAnálise de ordenaçãoCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICAThe Brazil nut tree (Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl) is an important species for extractive exploration in the Amazon, being a source of income for rural and urban workers. It has a wide distribution in the terra firme forests of the Amazon, and as it is a species of great economic relevance, some studies on phenology have already been developed, as the knowledge of the different stages of plant growth and development allows the definition of sustainable use strategies. Repetitive phenological events such as fruiting, flowering and dispersal are strongly related to local biotic and abiotic conditions, and are regulated by endogenous characteristics associated with climate variations that regulate the time, intensity, duration and periodicity of events. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the phenological pattern of Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl for the Legal Amazon, and check if there is any temporal pattern of fruiting, flowering and seed dispersal of the species in the region. The phenological information was obtained through a bibliometric survey of several studies (articles, theses and dissertations) on the phenology of the chestnut tree in the Amazon. By means of a presence and absence matrix (with the places where the studies were carried out in the lines and the months of occurrence of the chestnut phenophases in the columns) an ordering analysis (NMDS) was performed using the Sorensen similarity index as a method distance, to see if there is any temporal similarity of the phenophases between the states in the Legal Amazon. Envif analysis was applied to verify whether the precipitation and annual mean temperature variables are correlated with the ordination axes and with the groups formed. The fruiting of Brazil nut was persistent in the rainy season and tended to occur throughout the year in places with higher average annual rainfall. The flowering of the species occurred over a longer period in places with higher precipitation and average annual temperature (October to March), and in places with less precipitation, flowering tended to come forward (beginning in September) occurring in a shorter period (end in January). Dispersion tended to start in September, October or November, ending in March in places with higher average temperature, and tended to occur in the rainy season in places with higher average precipitation. It is noteworthy that the knowledge of the phenological patterns of the Amazon nut allows efficient decisions to be taken regarding its management. Through climatic predictability, it is possible to select better areas of Brazil nut groves, for example, those with higher annual averages of precipitation, as fruiting takes place for 12 months and flowering is extended, thus ensuring productivity throughout the year.A castanheira (Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl) é uma espécie importante para exploração extrativista na Amazônia, sendo fonte de renda para trabalhadores rurais e urbanos. Possui ampla distribuição nas florestas de terra firme na Amazônia, e por ser uma espécie de grande relevância econômica, alguns estudos sobre fenologia já foram desenvolvidos, pois o conhecimento das diferentes fases de crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas permite que se possam definir estratégias sustentáveis de uso. Os eventos fenológicos repetitivos como frutificação, floração e dispersão estão fortemente relacionados às condições bióticas e abióticas locais, e são regulados por características endógenas associadas às variações do clima que regulam a época, a intensidade, a duração e a periodicidade dos eventos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl para a Amazônia legal, e verificar se há algum padrão temporal da frutificação, floração e dispersão de sementes da espécie na região. As informações fenológicas foram obtidas por meio de levantamento bibliométrico de vários estudos (artigos, teses e dissertações) sobre a fenologia da castanheira na Amazônia. Por meio de uma matriz de presença e ausência (com os locais onde foram realizados os estudos nas linhas e os meses da ocorrência das fenofases da castanheira nas colunas) foi feita uma análise de ordenação (NMDS) utilizando o índice de similaridade de Sorensen como método de distância, para verificar se há alguma semelhança temporal das fenofases entre os estados na Amazônia Legal. Foi aplicado análise Envif para verificar se as variáveis precipitação e temperatura média anual estão correlacionadas com os eixos da ordenação e com os grupos formados. A frutificação da castanheira foi persistente no período chuvoso e tendeu a ocorrer o ano inteiro em locais com maior precipitação média anual. A floração da espécie ocorreu num período maior em locais com maior precipitação e temperatura média anual (de outubro a março), e locais com menor precipitação a floração tendeu a se antecipar (início em setembro) ocorrendo em um período menor (término em janeiro). A dispersão tendeu a começar em setembro, outubro ou novembro finalizando em março em locais com maior temperatura média, e tendeu a ocorrer no período chuvoso em locais com maiores médias de precipitação. Ressalta-se que o conhecimento dos padrões fenológicos da castanha-da-Amazônia permite que decisões eficientes sejam tomadas quanto o seu manejo. Por meio de previsibilidade climática é possível selecionar melhores áreas de castanhais por exemplo, aquelas com maiores médias anuais de precipitação, pois a frutificação ocorre durante 12 meses e a floração é estendida garantindo, assim, produtividade o ano inteiro.Instituto Federal do AmapáBrasilLicenciatura em Ciências BiológicasIFAPMatos, Darley Calderaro Lealhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5662855369412594AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do2021-07-06T16:32:42Z2021-07-062021-07-06T16:32:42Z2021-05-31info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisAMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do. Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal. 2021. 26f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto Federal do Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, AP, 2021.http://repositorio.ifap.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/361porAtribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivados 3.0 Brasilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapáinstname:Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP)instacron:IFAP2022-10-04T19:05:11Zoai:repositorio.ifap.edu.br:prefix/361Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.ifap.edu.br/oai/requestsuzana.cardoso@ifap.edu.bropendoar:2022-10-04T19:05:11Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
title |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
spellingShingle |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do Amazônia - Brasil Análise de ordenação CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
title_short |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
title_full |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
title_fullStr |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
title_sort |
Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal |
author |
AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do |
author_facet |
AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Matos, Darley Calderaro Leal http://lattes.cnpq.br/5662855369412594 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Amazônia - Brasil Análise de ordenação CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
topic |
Amazônia - Brasil Análise de ordenação CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
description |
The Brazil nut tree (Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl) is an important species for extractive exploration in the Amazon, being a source of income for rural and urban workers. It has a wide distribution in the terra firme forests of the Amazon, and as it is a species of great economic relevance, some studies on phenology have already been developed, as the knowledge of the different stages of plant growth and development allows the definition of sustainable use strategies. Repetitive phenological events such as fruiting, flowering and dispersal are strongly related to local biotic and abiotic conditions, and are regulated by endogenous characteristics associated with climate variations that regulate the time, intensity, duration and periodicity of events. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the phenological pattern of Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl for the Legal Amazon, and check if there is any temporal pattern of fruiting, flowering and seed dispersal of the species in the region. The phenological information was obtained through a bibliometric survey of several studies (articles, theses and dissertations) on the phenology of the chestnut tree in the Amazon. By means of a presence and absence matrix (with the places where the studies were carried out in the lines and the months of occurrence of the chestnut phenophases in the columns) an ordering analysis (NMDS) was performed using the Sorensen similarity index as a method distance, to see if there is any temporal similarity of the phenophases between the states in the Legal Amazon. Envif analysis was applied to verify whether the precipitation and annual mean temperature variables are correlated with the ordination axes and with the groups formed. The fruiting of Brazil nut was persistent in the rainy season and tended to occur throughout the year in places with higher average annual rainfall. The flowering of the species occurred over a longer period in places with higher precipitation and average annual temperature (October to March), and in places with less precipitation, flowering tended to come forward (beginning in September) occurring in a shorter period (end in January). Dispersion tended to start in September, October or November, ending in March in places with higher average temperature, and tended to occur in the rainy season in places with higher average precipitation. It is noteworthy that the knowledge of the phenological patterns of the Amazon nut allows efficient decisions to be taken regarding its management. Through climatic predictability, it is possible to select better areas of Brazil nut groves, for example, those with higher annual averages of precipitation, as fruiting takes place for 12 months and flowering is extended, thus ensuring productivity throughout the year. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-06T16:32:42Z 2021-07-06 2021-07-06T16:32:42Z 2021-05-31 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
format |
bachelorThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do. Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal. 2021. 26f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto Federal do Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, AP, 2021. http://repositorio.ifap.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/361 |
identifier_str_mv |
AMARAL, Marcos de Carvalho do. Padrão fenológico de Bertolletia excelsa Humn. & Bonpl (Castanha-da-Amazônia) na Amazônia Legal. 2021. 26f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto Federal do Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, AP, 2021. |
url |
http://repositorio.ifap.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/361 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivados 3.0 Brasil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivados 3.0 Brasil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Instituto Federal do Amapá Brasil Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas IFAP |
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Instituto Federal do Amapá Brasil Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas IFAP |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá instname:Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP) instacron:IFAP |
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Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP) |
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IFAP |
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IFAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá |
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Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório do Instituto Federal do Amapá - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP) |
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suzana.cardoso@ifap.edu.br |
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