Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Marques,L. L. M.
Data de Publicação: 2024
Outros Autores: Beneti,S. C., Pinzon,C., Cardoso,F. A. R.
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Biology
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100303
Resumo: Abstract Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.
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spelling Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocolsSARS-CoV-2ivermectinantiparasiticantiviralCOVID-19Abstract Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.Instituto Internacional de Ecologia2024-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100303Brazilian Journal of Biology v.84 2024reponame:Brazilian Journal of Biologyinstname:Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE)instacron:IIE10.1590/1519-6984.258325info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMarques,L. L. M.Beneti,S. C.Pinzon,C.Cardoso,F. A. R.eng2022-05-19T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1519-69842024000100303Revistahttps://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/https://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phpbjb@bjb.com.br||bjb@bjb.com.br1678-43751519-6984opendoar:2022-05-19T00:00Brazilian Journal of Biology - Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
title Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
spellingShingle Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
Marques,L. L. M.
SARS-CoV-2
ivermectin
antiparasitic
antiviral
COVID-19
title_short Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
title_full Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
title_fullStr Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
title_full_unstemmed Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
title_sort Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols
author Marques,L. L. M.
author_facet Marques,L. L. M.
Beneti,S. C.
Pinzon,C.
Cardoso,F. A. R.
author_role author
author2 Beneti,S. C.
Pinzon,C.
Cardoso,F. A. R.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Marques,L. L. M.
Beneti,S. C.
Pinzon,C.
Cardoso,F. A. R.
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv SARS-CoV-2
ivermectin
antiparasitic
antiviral
COVID-19
topic SARS-CoV-2
ivermectin
antiparasitic
antiviral
COVID-19
description Abstract Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100303
url http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100303
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/1519-6984.258325
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv text/html
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Internacional de Ecologia
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Internacional de Ecologia
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Biology v.84 2024
reponame:Brazilian Journal of Biology
instname:Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE)
instacron:IIE
instname_str Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE)
instacron_str IIE
institution IIE
reponame_str Brazilian Journal of Biology
collection Brazilian Journal of Biology
repository.name.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Biology - Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bjb@bjb.com.br||bjb@bjb.com.br
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