Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Artaxo, Paulo
Publication Date: 2013
Other Authors: Rizzo, Luciana Varanda, Brito, Joel F., Barbosa, H. M. J., Arana, Andréa A., Sena, E. T., Cirino, Glauber G., Bastos, Wanderlei, Martin, Scot T., Andreae, Meinrat O.
Format: Article
Language: eng
Source: Repositório Institucional do INPA
Download full: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16036
Summary: In the wet season, a large portion of the Amazon region constitutes one of the most pristine continental areas, with very low concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles. However, land use change modifies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in such a way that key processes that maintain the functioning of Amazonia are substantially altered. This study presents a comparison between aerosol properties observed at a preserved forest site in Central Amazonia (TT34 North of Manaus) and at a heavily biomass burning impacted site in south-western Amazonia (PVH, close to Porto Velho). Amazonian aerosols were characterized in detail, including aerosol size distributions, aerosol light absorption and scattering, optical depth and aerosol inorganic and organic composition, among other properties. The central Amazonia site (TT34) showed low aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 of 1.3 ± 0.7 μg m-3 and 3.4 ± 2.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively), with a median particle number concentration of 220 cm-3 in the wet season and 2200 cm-3 in the dry season. At the impacted site (PVH), aerosol loadings were one order of magnitude higher (PM2.5 of 10.2 ± 9.0 μg m-3 and 33.0 ± 36.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The aerosol number concentration at the impacted site ranged from 680 cm-3 in the wet season up to 20000 cm-3 in the dry season. An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in 2013 at both sites, and it shows that organic aerosol account to 81% to the non-refractory PM1 aerosol loading at TT34, while biomass burning aerosols at PVH shows a 93% content of organic particles. Three years of filter-based elemental composition measurements shows that sulphate at the impacted site decreases, on average, from 12% of PM2.5 mass during the wet season to 5% in the dry season. This result corroborates the ACSM finding that the biomass burning contributed overwhelmingly to the organic fine mode aerosol during the dry season in this region. Aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients at the TT34 site were low during the wet season, increasing by a factor of 5, approximately, in the dry season due to long range transport of biomass burning aerosols reaching the forest site in the dry season. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.84 in the wet season up to 0.91 in the dry. At the PVH site, aerosol scattering coefficients were 3-5 times higher in comparison to the TT34 site, an indication of strong regional background pollution, even in the wet season. Aerosol absorption coefficients at PVH were about 1.4 times higher than at the forest site. Ground-based SSA at PVH was around 0.92 year round, showing the dominance of scattering aerosol particles over absorption, even for biomass burning aerosols. Remote sensing observations from six AERONET sites and from MODIS since 1999, provide a regional and temporal overview. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm of less than 0.1 is characteristic of natural conditions over Amazonia. At the perturbed PVH site, AOD550 values greater than 4 were frequently observed in the dry season. Combined analysis of MODIS and CERES showed that the mean direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the biomass burning season was -5.6 ± 1.7 W m-2, averaged over whole Amazon Basin. For high AOD (larger than 1) the maximum daily direct aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA was as high as -20 W m-2 locally. This change in the radiation balance caused increases in the diffuse radiation flux, with an increase of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of 18-29% for high AOD. From this analysis, it is clear that land use change in Amazonia shows alterations of many atmospheric properties, and these changes are affecting the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem in significant ways. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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spelling Artaxo, PauloRizzo, Luciana VarandaBrito, Joel F.Barbosa, H. M. J.Arana, Andréa A.Sena, E. T.Cirino, Glauber G.Bastos, WanderleiMartin, Scot T.Andreae, Meinrat O.2020-05-22T18:37:52Z2020-05-22T18:37:52Z2013https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/1603610.1039/c3fd00052dIn the wet season, a large portion of the Amazon region constitutes one of the most pristine continental areas, with very low concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles. However, land use change modifies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in such a way that key processes that maintain the functioning of Amazonia are substantially altered. This study presents a comparison between aerosol properties observed at a preserved forest site in Central Amazonia (TT34 North of Manaus) and at a heavily biomass burning impacted site in south-western Amazonia (PVH, close to Porto Velho). Amazonian aerosols were characterized in detail, including aerosol size distributions, aerosol light absorption and scattering, optical depth and aerosol inorganic and organic composition, among other properties. The central Amazonia site (TT34) showed low aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 of 1.3 ± 0.7 μg m-3 and 3.4 ± 2.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively), with a median particle number concentration of 220 cm-3 in the wet season and 2200 cm-3 in the dry season. At the impacted site (PVH), aerosol loadings were one order of magnitude higher (PM2.5 of 10.2 ± 9.0 μg m-3 and 33.0 ± 36.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The aerosol number concentration at the impacted site ranged from 680 cm-3 in the wet season up to 20000 cm-3 in the dry season. An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in 2013 at both sites, and it shows that organic aerosol account to 81% to the non-refractory PM1 aerosol loading at TT34, while biomass burning aerosols at PVH shows a 93% content of organic particles. Three years of filter-based elemental composition measurements shows that sulphate at the impacted site decreases, on average, from 12% of PM2.5 mass during the wet season to 5% in the dry season. This result corroborates the ACSM finding that the biomass burning contributed overwhelmingly to the organic fine mode aerosol during the dry season in this region. Aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients at the TT34 site were low during the wet season, increasing by a factor of 5, approximately, in the dry season due to long range transport of biomass burning aerosols reaching the forest site in the dry season. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.84 in the wet season up to 0.91 in the dry. At the PVH site, aerosol scattering coefficients were 3-5 times higher in comparison to the TT34 site, an indication of strong regional background pollution, even in the wet season. Aerosol absorption coefficients at PVH were about 1.4 times higher than at the forest site. Ground-based SSA at PVH was around 0.92 year round, showing the dominance of scattering aerosol particles over absorption, even for biomass burning aerosols. Remote sensing observations from six AERONET sites and from MODIS since 1999, provide a regional and temporal overview. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm of less than 0.1 is characteristic of natural conditions over Amazonia. At the perturbed PVH site, AOD550 values greater than 4 were frequently observed in the dry season. Combined analysis of MODIS and CERES showed that the mean direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the biomass burning season was -5.6 ± 1.7 W m-2, averaged over whole Amazon Basin. For high AOD (larger than 1) the maximum daily direct aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA was as high as -20 W m-2 locally. This change in the radiation balance caused increases in the diffuse radiation flux, with an increase of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of 18-29% for high AOD. From this analysis, it is clear that land use change in Amazonia shows alterations of many atmospheric properties, and these changes are affecting the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem in significant ways. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Volume 165, Pags. 203-235Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAerosolAtmosphereBiomassEnvironmental ProtectionFireParticle SizeSouth AmericaAerosolsAtmosphereBiomassConservation Of Natural ResourcesFiresParticle SizeSouth AmericaAtmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleFaraday Discussionsengreponame:Repositório Institucional do INPAinstname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)instacron:INPAORIGINALartigo-inpa.pdfartigo-inpa.pdfapplication/pdf2310751https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/bitstream/1/16036/1/artigo-inpa.pdf07b28b599cbc1bb05d8b832e2538568eMD511/160362020-05-22 15:21:45.949oai:repositorio:1/16036Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/oai/requestopendoar:2020-05-22T19:21:45Repositório Institucional do INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)false
dc.title.en.fl_str_mv Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
title Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
spellingShingle Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
Artaxo, Paulo
Aerosol
Atmosphere
Biomass
Environmental Protection
Fire
Particle Size
South America
Aerosols
Atmosphere
Biomass
Conservation Of Natural Resources
Fires
Particle Size
South America
title_short Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
title_full Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
title_fullStr Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
title_full_unstemmed Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
title_sort Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia and land use change: From natural biogenic to biomass burning conditions
author Artaxo, Paulo
author_facet Artaxo, Paulo
Rizzo, Luciana Varanda
Brito, Joel F.
Barbosa, H. M. J.
Arana, Andréa A.
Sena, E. T.
Cirino, Glauber G.
Bastos, Wanderlei
Martin, Scot T.
Andreae, Meinrat O.
author_role author
author2 Rizzo, Luciana Varanda
Brito, Joel F.
Barbosa, H. M. J.
Arana, Andréa A.
Sena, E. T.
Cirino, Glauber G.
Bastos, Wanderlei
Martin, Scot T.
Andreae, Meinrat O.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Artaxo, Paulo
Rizzo, Luciana Varanda
Brito, Joel F.
Barbosa, H. M. J.
Arana, Andréa A.
Sena, E. T.
Cirino, Glauber G.
Bastos, Wanderlei
Martin, Scot T.
Andreae, Meinrat O.
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Aerosol
Atmosphere
Biomass
Environmental Protection
Fire
Particle Size
South America
Aerosols
Atmosphere
Biomass
Conservation Of Natural Resources
Fires
Particle Size
South America
topic Aerosol
Atmosphere
Biomass
Environmental Protection
Fire
Particle Size
South America
Aerosols
Atmosphere
Biomass
Conservation Of Natural Resources
Fires
Particle Size
South America
description In the wet season, a large portion of the Amazon region constitutes one of the most pristine continental areas, with very low concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles. However, land use change modifies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions in such a way that key processes that maintain the functioning of Amazonia are substantially altered. This study presents a comparison between aerosol properties observed at a preserved forest site in Central Amazonia (TT34 North of Manaus) and at a heavily biomass burning impacted site in south-western Amazonia (PVH, close to Porto Velho). Amazonian aerosols were characterized in detail, including aerosol size distributions, aerosol light absorption and scattering, optical depth and aerosol inorganic and organic composition, among other properties. The central Amazonia site (TT34) showed low aerosol concentrations (PM2.5 of 1.3 ± 0.7 μg m-3 and 3.4 ± 2.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively), with a median particle number concentration of 220 cm-3 in the wet season and 2200 cm-3 in the dry season. At the impacted site (PVH), aerosol loadings were one order of magnitude higher (PM2.5 of 10.2 ± 9.0 μg m-3 and 33.0 ± 36.0 μg m-3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The aerosol number concentration at the impacted site ranged from 680 cm-3 in the wet season up to 20000 cm-3 in the dry season. An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed in 2013 at both sites, and it shows that organic aerosol account to 81% to the non-refractory PM1 aerosol loading at TT34, while biomass burning aerosols at PVH shows a 93% content of organic particles. Three years of filter-based elemental composition measurements shows that sulphate at the impacted site decreases, on average, from 12% of PM2.5 mass during the wet season to 5% in the dry season. This result corroborates the ACSM finding that the biomass burning contributed overwhelmingly to the organic fine mode aerosol during the dry season in this region. Aerosol light scattering and absorption coefficients at the TT34 site were low during the wet season, increasing by a factor of 5, approximately, in the dry season due to long range transport of biomass burning aerosols reaching the forest site in the dry season. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.84 in the wet season up to 0.91 in the dry. At the PVH site, aerosol scattering coefficients were 3-5 times higher in comparison to the TT34 site, an indication of strong regional background pollution, even in the wet season. Aerosol absorption coefficients at PVH were about 1.4 times higher than at the forest site. Ground-based SSA at PVH was around 0.92 year round, showing the dominance of scattering aerosol particles over absorption, even for biomass burning aerosols. Remote sensing observations from six AERONET sites and from MODIS since 1999, provide a regional and temporal overview. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm of less than 0.1 is characteristic of natural conditions over Amazonia. At the perturbed PVH site, AOD550 values greater than 4 were frequently observed in the dry season. Combined analysis of MODIS and CERES showed that the mean direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) during the biomass burning season was -5.6 ± 1.7 W m-2, averaged over whole Amazon Basin. For high AOD (larger than 1) the maximum daily direct aerosol radiative forcing at the TOA was as high as -20 W m-2 locally. This change in the radiation balance caused increases in the diffuse radiation flux, with an increase of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of 18-29% for high AOD. From this analysis, it is clear that land use change in Amazonia shows alterations of many atmospheric properties, and these changes are affecting the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem in significant ways. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2013
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2020-05-22T18:37:52Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2020-05-22T18:37:52Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16036
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1039/c3fd00052d
url https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16036
identifier_str_mv 10.1039/c3fd00052d
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Volume 165, Pags. 203-235
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faraday Discussions
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faraday Discussions
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional do INPA
instname:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
instacron:INPA
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
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institution INPA
reponame_str Repositório Institucional do INPA
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