Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Marina González
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Bruna Tassi Borille, Maíra Kerpel dos Santos, Roberta Petry Gorziza, Mariana Fernandes Ramos, Natália Mai de Rose, Mauro Sander Fett, Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz, Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo, Marco Flôres Ferrão, Renata Pereira Limberger
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
Texto Completo: https://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/801
Resumo: Marijuana is the most popular form of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), popularly known, in Brazil, as the illicit drug. It is composed of the plant’s aerial parts, such as the leaves and the inflorescences, which are dried, pressed and prepared as a mixture for smoking. Cannabis is the most consumed and illegally trafficked drug in the world, with an increasing number of users every year. The plant can be grown indoor and outdoor, and these differences may influence the drug’s potency. In addition, marijuana can be mixed with diluents and/or adulterants such as aromatic plants, soil, commercial tobacco and feces that may contribute to cases of addiction and lead to serious health risks to its consumers. Studies involving the chemical profile of drug samples are important to provide evidence for trafficking, supporting the materiality of the crimes. The aim of this study is to analyze cannabis and marijuana seized samples by FTIR-ATR (range 1800-880 cm-1), combined with unsupervised chemometric tools, to differentiate the plant’s cultivation forms and to suggest the use of diluents. PCA and HCA showed relevant trends of separation between seized samples from indoor and outdoor cultivation. Additionally, differences between samples containing pure cannabis and samples including diluents were observed, grouping the samples by their chemical similarity. The use of FTIR-ATR, combined with chemometric tools, can generate fast and sensitive data, providing relevant information for chemical profiles of drug abuse.
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spelling Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR MethodCannabis sativaMarijuanaChemical profilingFTIR-ATRChemometric toolsMarijuana is the most popular form of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), popularly known, in Brazil, as the illicit drug. It is composed of the plant’s aerial parts, such as the leaves and the inflorescences, which are dried, pressed and prepared as a mixture for smoking. Cannabis is the most consumed and illegally trafficked drug in the world, with an increasing number of users every year. The plant can be grown indoor and outdoor, and these differences may influence the drug’s potency. In addition, marijuana can be mixed with diluents and/or adulterants such as aromatic plants, soil, commercial tobacco and feces that may contribute to cases of addiction and lead to serious health risks to its consumers. Studies involving the chemical profile of drug samples are important to provide evidence for trafficking, supporting the materiality of the crimes. The aim of this study is to analyze cannabis and marijuana seized samples by FTIR-ATR (range 1800-880 cm-1), combined with unsupervised chemometric tools, to differentiate the plant’s cultivation forms and to suggest the use of diluents. PCA and HCA showed relevant trends of separation between seized samples from indoor and outdoor cultivation. Additionally, differences between samples containing pure cannabis and samples including diluents were observed, grouping the samples by their chemical similarity. The use of FTIR-ATR, combined with chemometric tools, can generate fast and sensitive data, providing relevant information for chemical profiles of drug abuse.IPEBJ2020-09-19info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArtigo Originalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/80110.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020477-498Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics; v. 9 n. 4 (2020): Volume 9 - Número 4; 477-498Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics; Vol. 9 No. 4 (2020): Volume 9 - Número 4; 477-4982237-261Xreponame:Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethicsinstname:Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos (IPEBJ)instacron:IPEBJenghttps://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/801/906Copyright (c) 2020 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethicshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMarina GonzálezBruna Tassi BorilleMaíra Kerpel dos SantosRoberta Petry GorzizaMariana Fernandes RamosNatália Mai de RoseMauro Sander FettRafael Scorsatto OrtizFlávio Anastácio de Oliveira CamargoMarco Flôres FerrãoRenata Pereira Limberger2021-04-22T12:23:08Zoai:bjfs:article/801Revistahttps://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/homePRIhttps://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/oai2237-261X2237-261Xopendoar:2021-04-22 12:23:10.112Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics - Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos (IPEBJ)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
title Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
spellingShingle Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
Marina González
Cannabis sativa
Marijuana
Chemical profiling
FTIR-ATR
Chemometric tools
title_short Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
title_full Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
title_fullStr Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
title_full_unstemmed Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
title_sort Application of Chemometric Tools on Cannabis Samples Analyzed by the FTIR-ATR Method
author Marina González
author_facet Marina González
Bruna Tassi Borille
Maíra Kerpel dos Santos
Roberta Petry Gorziza
Mariana Fernandes Ramos
Natália Mai de Rose
Mauro Sander Fett
Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz
Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
Marco Flôres Ferrão
Renata Pereira Limberger
author_role author
author2 Bruna Tassi Borille
Maíra Kerpel dos Santos
Roberta Petry Gorziza
Mariana Fernandes Ramos
Natália Mai de Rose
Mauro Sander Fett
Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz
Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
Marco Flôres Ferrão
Renata Pereira Limberger
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Marina González
Bruna Tassi Borille
Maíra Kerpel dos Santos
Roberta Petry Gorziza
Mariana Fernandes Ramos
Natália Mai de Rose
Mauro Sander Fett
Rafael Scorsatto Ortiz
Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
Marco Flôres Ferrão
Renata Pereira Limberger
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Cannabis sativa
Marijuana
Chemical profiling
FTIR-ATR
Chemometric tools
topic Cannabis sativa
Marijuana
Chemical profiling
FTIR-ATR
Chemometric tools
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Marijuana is the most popular form of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), popularly known, in Brazil, as the illicit drug. It is composed of the plant’s aerial parts, such as the leaves and the inflorescences, which are dried, pressed and prepared as a mixture for smoking. Cannabis is the most consumed and illegally trafficked drug in the world, with an increasing number of users every year. The plant can be grown indoor and outdoor, and these differences may influence the drug’s potency. In addition, marijuana can be mixed with diluents and/or adulterants such as aromatic plants, soil, commercial tobacco and feces that may contribute to cases of addiction and lead to serious health risks to its consumers. Studies involving the chemical profile of drug samples are important to provide evidence for trafficking, supporting the materiality of the crimes. The aim of this study is to analyze cannabis and marijuana seized samples by FTIR-ATR (range 1800-880 cm-1), combined with unsupervised chemometric tools, to differentiate the plant’s cultivation forms and to suggest the use of diluents. PCA and HCA showed relevant trends of separation between seized samples from indoor and outdoor cultivation. Additionally, differences between samples containing pure cannabis and samples including diluents were observed, grouping the samples by their chemical similarity. The use of FTIR-ATR, combined with chemometric tools, can generate fast and sensitive data, providing relevant information for chemical profiles of drug abuse.
description Marijuana is the most popular form of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), popularly known, in Brazil, as the illicit drug. It is composed of the plant’s aerial parts, such as the leaves and the inflorescences, which are dried, pressed and prepared as a mixture for smoking. Cannabis is the most consumed and illegally trafficked drug in the world, with an increasing number of users every year. The plant can be grown indoor and outdoor, and these differences may influence the drug’s potency. In addition, marijuana can be mixed with diluents and/or adulterants such as aromatic plants, soil, commercial tobacco and feces that may contribute to cases of addiction and lead to serious health risks to its consumers. Studies involving the chemical profile of drug samples are important to provide evidence for trafficking, supporting the materiality of the crimes. The aim of this study is to analyze cannabis and marijuana seized samples by FTIR-ATR (range 1800-880 cm-1), combined with unsupervised chemometric tools, to differentiate the plant’s cultivation forms and to suggest the use of diluents. PCA and HCA showed relevant trends of separation between seized samples from indoor and outdoor cultivation. Additionally, differences between samples containing pure cannabis and samples including diluents were observed, grouping the samples by their chemical similarity. The use of FTIR-ATR, combined with chemometric tools, can generate fast and sensitive data, providing relevant information for chemical profiles of drug abuse.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-09-19
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artigo Original
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/801
10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020477-498
url https://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/801
identifier_str_mv 10.17063/bjfs9(4)y2020477-498
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://www.ipebj.com.br/bjfs/index.php/bjfs/article/view/801/906
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IPEBJ
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IPEBJ
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics; v. 9 n. 4 (2020): Volume 9 - Número 4; 477-498
Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics; Vol. 9 No. 4 (2020): Volume 9 - Número 4; 477-498
2237-261X
reponame:Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
instname:Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos (IPEBJ)
instacron:IPEBJ
reponame_str Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
collection Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics
instname_str Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos (IPEBJ)
instacron_str IPEBJ
institution IPEBJ
repository.name.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics - Instituto Paulista de Estudos Bioéticos e Jurídicos (IPEBJ)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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