Laser ultrasonics system with a fiber optic angular displacement sensor

• Autor(a) principal: João Marcos Salvi Sakamoto
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do ITA
• Texto Completo: http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2146
• topic: Ultra-som; Lasers; Fibras ópticas; Sensores; Instrumentos de medição óptica; Ensaios não-destrutivos; Engenharia de materiais

Laser ultrasonics is an all-optical non-destructive testing technique which employs ultrasonic waves as a means of ascertaining the internal part of an opaque material (for light). The difference from a conventional ultrasonics testing technique relies on the generation and detection of these waves which, in the laser ultrasonics technique, is performed by a laser pulse and an optical detector of ultrasound, respectively. This technique is employed in the aerospace and aeronautics industry for flaw detection or material characterization, since it is couplant free, non-contact and remote from the inspected object. The high cost and complexity of a commercial laser ultrasonics system, however, led to the development in this work, of an intensity-modulated fiber optic sensor to be employed as the optical detector of a laser ultrasonics system. This fiber optic sensor is capable to detect angular displacement in the range of microradians and presents high sensitivity, optical fiber compatibility, wide bandwidth and, furthermore, is simple to assembly and low cost. The fiber optic sensor comprises two optical fibers, a positive lens, a reflective surface, a laser, and a photodetector. A mathematical model was developed to determine and simulate the static characteristic curve of the sensor and to analyze the influence of geometrical parameters in its performance. Different sensor configurations were assembled and experimental static characteristic curves were acquired to validate the mathematical model. The normalized sensitivity, for the configurations tested, ranges from (0.25×Vmax) to (2.40×Vmax) mV/?rad and the linear range, from 194 to 1840 ?rad. Regarding an specific sensor configuration (the sensor 4/4) with reflective surface of 100% of reflectivity, the sensor presented an unnormalized sensitivity of 7.7 mV/?rad, an estimated resolution of approximately 1 ?rad and signal-to-noise ratio of 32 dB. The sensor was tested on the dynamic operation for sound and ultrasound detection and, finally as the optical detector of the complete laser ultrasonics system developed in this work. The sensor also proved to be suitable for time-of-flight measurements and nondestructive testing, being an alternative to the piezoelectric or the interferometric detectors.