Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000500001 |
Resumo: | Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It kills bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis and to some extent by lysing the cell envelope. Gentamicin is frequently the first choice drug because of its reliability, but also because of the long experience with its use. In combination with β-lactam antibiotics it is recommended for the treatment of sepsis or pneumonia and is active against P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia. However, gentamicin is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. The human mitochondrial genetic variant m.1555A > G has been reported to be an important cause of non-syndromic hereditary hearing dysfunction and may cause permanent hearing loss. Even short courses of gentamicin therapy in healty newborn infants can lead to abnormalities of auditory function. It is active against very resistant bacteria at peak concentrations (> 10 mg/l) that are high enough to be potentially toxic. For safe therapeutic efficacy, peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin should range from 4 to 10 mg/l; but trough concentrations, immediately before a new drug administration, must be lower that 2 mg/L to avoid toxic effects. Pharmacokinetic parameters vary considerably in infants. Half-life ranges from 5.4 to 10.0 hours, clearance 0.50 to 1.71 ml/h/kg and distribution volume from 0.4 to 0.7 l/kg. Preterm infants have a longer half-life than full-term infants. Thus, it is mandatory to monitor gentamicin serum concentrations whenever infants are treated for 48 hours or more. |
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Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokineticsGentamicinNeonateNephrotoxicityOtotoxicityPharmacokineticsToxicityGentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It kills bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis and to some extent by lysing the cell envelope. Gentamicin is frequently the first choice drug because of its reliability, but also because of the long experience with its use. In combination with β-lactam antibiotics it is recommended for the treatment of sepsis or pneumonia and is active against P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia. However, gentamicin is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. The human mitochondrial genetic variant m.1555A > G has been reported to be an important cause of non-syndromic hereditary hearing dysfunction and may cause permanent hearing loss. Even short courses of gentamicin therapy in healty newborn infants can lead to abnormalities of auditory function. It is active against very resistant bacteria at peak concentrations (> 10 mg/l) that are high enough to be potentially toxic. For safe therapeutic efficacy, peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin should range from 4 to 10 mg/l; but trough concentrations, immediately before a new drug administration, must be lower that 2 mg/L to avoid toxic effects. Pharmacokinetic parameters vary considerably in infants. Half-life ranges from 5.4 to 10.0 hours, clearance 0.50 to 1.71 ml/h/kg and distribution volume from 0.4 to 0.7 l/kg. Preterm infants have a longer half-life than full-term infants. Thus, it is mandatory to monitor gentamicin serum concentrations whenever infants are treated for 48 hours or more.Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda2015-10-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000500001MedicalExpress v.2 n.5 2015reponame:MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online)instname:Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-MEinstacron:METC10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.05.01info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPacifici,Gian Mariaeng2016-03-04T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S2358-04292015000500001Revistahttp://www.medicalexpress.net.brhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||medicalexpress@me.net.br2358-04292318-8111opendoar:2016-03-04T00:00MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) - Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-MEfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
title |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
spellingShingle |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics Pacifici,Gian Maria Gentamicin Neonate Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Pharmacokinetics Toxicity |
title_short |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
title_full |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
title_fullStr |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
title_sort |
Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics |
author |
Pacifici,Gian Maria |
author_facet |
Pacifici,Gian Maria |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pacifici,Gian Maria |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Gentamicin Neonate Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Pharmacokinetics Toxicity |
topic |
Gentamicin Neonate Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Pharmacokinetics Toxicity |
description |
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It kills bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis and to some extent by lysing the cell envelope. Gentamicin is frequently the first choice drug because of its reliability, but also because of the long experience with its use. In combination with β-lactam antibiotics it is recommended for the treatment of sepsis or pneumonia and is active against P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia. However, gentamicin is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. The human mitochondrial genetic variant m.1555A > G has been reported to be an important cause of non-syndromic hereditary hearing dysfunction and may cause permanent hearing loss. Even short courses of gentamicin therapy in healty newborn infants can lead to abnormalities of auditory function. It is active against very resistant bacteria at peak concentrations (> 10 mg/l) that are high enough to be potentially toxic. For safe therapeutic efficacy, peak plasma concentrations of gentamicin should range from 4 to 10 mg/l; but trough concentrations, immediately before a new drug administration, must be lower that 2 mg/L to avoid toxic effects. Pharmacokinetic parameters vary considerably in infants. Half-life ranges from 5.4 to 10.0 hours, clearance 0.50 to 1.71 ml/h/kg and distribution volume from 0.4 to 0.7 l/kg. Preterm infants have a longer half-life than full-term infants. Thus, it is mandatory to monitor gentamicin serum concentrations whenever infants are treated for 48 hours or more. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-10-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000500001 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2358-04292015000500001 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.05.01 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Mavera Edições Técnicas e Científicas Ltda |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
MedicalExpress v.2 n.5 2015 reponame:MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) instname:Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-ME instacron:METC |
instname_str |
Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-ME |
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METC |
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METC |
reponame_str |
MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) |
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MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) |
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MedicalExpress (São Paulo. Online) - Mavera Edições Científicas e Técnicas Ltda-ME |
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||medicalexpress@me.net.br |
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