GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2013 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882013000200003 |
Resumo: | The neural retina is a highly complex tissue composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and glial cells. Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, mediates information transfer from photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells, whereas interneurons, mainly amacrine and horizontal cells, use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. In this review we place an emphasis on glutamate and GABA transporters as highly regulated molecules that play fundamental roles in neurotransmitter clearance, neurotransmitter release, and oxidative stress. We pharmacologically characterized glutamate transporters in chicken retina cells and identified two glutamate transporters: one Na+-dependent transporter and one Na+-independent transporter. The Na+-dependent uptake system presented characteristics related to the high-affinity xAG- system (EAAT1), and the Na+-independent uptake system presented characteristics related to the xCG- system, which highly contributes to glutamate transport in the retina. Glutamate shares the xCG- system with another amino acid, L-cysteine, suggesting the possible involvement of glutathione. Both transporter proteins are present mainly in Müller glial cells. GABA transporters (GATs) mediate high-affinity GABA uptake from the extracellular space and terminate the synaptic action of GABA in the central nervous system. GABA transporters can be modulated by molecules that act on specific sites to promote transporter phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In addition to a role in the clearance of GABA, GATs may also release GABA through a reverse transport mechanism. In the chicken retina, a GAT-1 blocker, but not GAT2/3 blocker, was shown to inhibit GABA uptake, suggesting that GABA release from retina cells is mainly mediated by a GAT-1-like transporter. |
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GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retinaneuroretina cellscultureglutamate transporterGABA transporterThe neural retina is a highly complex tissue composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and glial cells. Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, mediates information transfer from photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells, whereas interneurons, mainly amacrine and horizontal cells, use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. In this review we place an emphasis on glutamate and GABA transporters as highly regulated molecules that play fundamental roles in neurotransmitter clearance, neurotransmitter release, and oxidative stress. We pharmacologically characterized glutamate transporters in chicken retina cells and identified two glutamate transporters: one Na+-dependent transporter and one Na+-independent transporter. The Na+-dependent uptake system presented characteristics related to the high-affinity xAG- system (EAAT1), and the Na+-independent uptake system presented characteristics related to the xCG- system, which highly contributes to glutamate transport in the retina. Glutamate shares the xCG- system with another amino acid, L-cysteine, suggesting the possible involvement of glutathione. Both transporter proteins are present mainly in Müller glial cells. GABA transporters (GATs) mediate high-affinity GABA uptake from the extracellular space and terminate the synaptic action of GABA in the central nervous system. GABA transporters can be modulated by molecules that act on specific sites to promote transporter phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In addition to a role in the clearance of GABA, GATs may also release GABA through a reverse transport mechanism. In the chicken retina, a GAT-1 blocker, but not GAT2/3 blocker, was shown to inhibit GABA uptake, suggesting that GABA release from retina cells is mainly mediated by a GAT-1-like transporter.Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade de BrasíliaUniversidade de São Paulo2013-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882013000200003Psychology & Neuroscience v.6 n.2 2013reponame:Psychology & Neuroscience (Online)instname:Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC)instacron:PUCRJ10.3922/j.psns.2013.2.03info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNascimento,José Luiz Martins doSawada,Luis ArmandoOliveira,Karen Renata MatosCrespo-López,Maria ElenaSilva,Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira daHamoy,MoisésSilva,Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka eBastos,Gilmara Nazareth TavaresSoeiro-Pantoja,Wendell Mauroeng2014-02-28T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1983-32882013000200003Revistahttps://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pnePRIhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phppsycneuro@psycneuro.org1983-32881984-3054opendoar:2014-02-28T00:00Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) - Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
title |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
spellingShingle |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina Nascimento,José Luiz Martins do neuroretina cells culture glutamate transporter GABA transporter |
title_short |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
title_full |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
title_fullStr |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
title_full_unstemmed |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
title_sort |
GABA and glutamate transporters: new events and function in the vertebrate retina |
author |
Nascimento,José Luiz Martins do |
author_facet |
Nascimento,José Luiz Martins do Sawada,Luis Armando Oliveira,Karen Renata Matos Crespo-López,Maria Elena Silva,Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da Hamoy,Moisés Silva,Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka e Bastos,Gilmara Nazareth Tavares Soeiro-Pantoja,Wendell Mauro |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Sawada,Luis Armando Oliveira,Karen Renata Matos Crespo-López,Maria Elena Silva,Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da Hamoy,Moisés Silva,Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka e Bastos,Gilmara Nazareth Tavares Soeiro-Pantoja,Wendell Mauro |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Nascimento,José Luiz Martins do Sawada,Luis Armando Oliveira,Karen Renata Matos Crespo-López,Maria Elena Silva,Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da Hamoy,Moisés Silva,Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka e Bastos,Gilmara Nazareth Tavares Soeiro-Pantoja,Wendell Mauro |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
neuroretina cells culture glutamate transporter GABA transporter |
topic |
neuroretina cells culture glutamate transporter GABA transporter |
description |
The neural retina is a highly complex tissue composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and glial cells. Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter, mediates information transfer from photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells, whereas interneurons, mainly amacrine and horizontal cells, use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. In this review we place an emphasis on glutamate and GABA transporters as highly regulated molecules that play fundamental roles in neurotransmitter clearance, neurotransmitter release, and oxidative stress. We pharmacologically characterized glutamate transporters in chicken retina cells and identified two glutamate transporters: one Na+-dependent transporter and one Na+-independent transporter. The Na+-dependent uptake system presented characteristics related to the high-affinity xAG- system (EAAT1), and the Na+-independent uptake system presented characteristics related to the xCG- system, which highly contributes to glutamate transport in the retina. Glutamate shares the xCG- system with another amino acid, L-cysteine, suggesting the possible involvement of glutathione. Both transporter proteins are present mainly in Müller glial cells. GABA transporters (GATs) mediate high-affinity GABA uptake from the extracellular space and terminate the synaptic action of GABA in the central nervous system. GABA transporters can be modulated by molecules that act on specific sites to promote transporter phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In addition to a role in the clearance of GABA, GATs may also release GABA through a reverse transport mechanism. In the chicken retina, a GAT-1 blocker, but not GAT2/3 blocker, was shown to inhibit GABA uptake, suggesting that GABA release from retina cells is mainly mediated by a GAT-1-like transporter. |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013-01-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882013000200003 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882013000200003 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3922/j.psns.2013.2.03 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Universidade de Brasília Universidade de São Paulo |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Universidade de Brasília Universidade de São Paulo |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Psychology & Neuroscience v.6 n.2 2013 reponame:Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) instname:Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC) instacron:PUCRJ |
instname_str |
Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC) |
instacron_str |
PUCRJ |
institution |
PUCRJ |
reponame_str |
Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) |
collection |
Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Psychology & Neuroscience (Online) - Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
psycneuro@psycneuro.org |
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1754821072897703936 |