Avaliação da dureza e do módulo de elasticidade do osso mandibular submetido à distração osteogênica e à LLLT: estudo preliminar em ovelhas

• Autor(a) principal: Freddo, Angelo Luiz
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional PUCRS
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/397
• topic: ODONTOLOGIA; CIRURGIA BUCOMAXILOFACIAL; TRAUMATOLOGIA BUCOMAXILOFACIAL; LASER DE BAIXA INTENSIDADE; LASER - ODONTOLOGIA; ELASTICIDADE; OSTEOGÊNESE POR DISTRAÇÃO; TESTES DE DUREZA

Introduction: Distraction osteogenesis is a treatment approach designed to induce new bone formation in vascularized bone surfaces through the use of functional devices and the application of slow and progressive traction forces. Objectives: To validate the use of nanoindentation tests in research protocols involving animals and to assess the quality of newly formed bone in sheep mandibles submitted to distraction osteogenesis and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) based on hardness and modulus of elasticity values. We also aim to determine the best moment for the application of laser therapy, i. e., during the latency/activation or consolidation periods, and to assess the dimensions of newly formed bone with the use of computed tomography. Background data: Nanobiotechnology is an emerging concept in the field of science and technology that has a potential to radically change the criteria currently used to assess the quality of bone formed after distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Extraoral distraction devices were placed in five sheep so as to achieve 1. 5 cm of lengthened bone in 60 days. Distraction devices were removed 50, 40, and 33 days after surgery. Four animals were also treated with eight applications of infra-red laser (830ŋm), each 48 hours, in three equidistant spots, with 5Jcm2 and 50mW of potence, at different times. One was used as control (no laser therapy). The newly formed bone was submitted to nanoindentation tests for the assessment of hardness and modulus of elasticity and a computed tomography to bone contraction evaluation. Results: When applied in the bone consolidation period, LLLT caused an increase in hardness and modulus of elasticity values. On the other hand, animals irradiated with LLLT during the activation period presented lower values. Computed tomography revealed that the animals using the devices for 33 days presented contraction of the newly formed bone. Conclusions: Nanoindentation tests were able to detect slight abnormalities in bone metabolism and proved to be important tools for the assessment of bone quality after distraction osteogenesis. LLLT provides increased benefits when applied during the bone consolidation period, once it promotes an increase in hardness and modulus of elasticity values. The bone consolidation period should be of at least 3 weeks, so as to prevent bone contraction.