Malocclusion prevalence and its relation to facial type and muscular activity in school students from 7 to 12 years of age in Bahia, Brazil

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Camila Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Outros Autores: Benevides, Sílvia Damasceno, Mello, Sandra Maria, Araújo, Roberto Paulo
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Revista odonto ciência (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/fo/article/view/13076
• topic: Malocclusion; Epidemiology; Odontology in Public Health; Maloclusão; Epidemiologia; Odontologia em Saúde Pública

Objective: Increasing cavity reduction has been directing the policies for oral health defined by care programs, to solve important challenges such as dental malocclusion. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and relate it with the facial type, using anthropometry, and muscle function, through the use of electromyography in young students.Methods: The sample consisted of 324 schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years, residing and domiciled in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia. The occlusion was assessed by means of DAI, according to the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization. Facial pattern was analyzed using the Natural Head Position by the distances between the morphological facial height and bizygomatic width using a digital caliper. Yet muscle evaluation was taken from the acquisition of EMG – electromyography recordings.Results: Differences were found statistically significant between the severity of occlusion and the type facial (p=0.039), dolicocephalic type being the most prevalent, whereas the comparison with the electrical potential of the muscles showed no statistically significant differences. According to the classification and criteria of FDI, 22.8% of patients had normal occlusion or mild occlusal change, 21% defined malocclusion, 20.1% severe malocclusion and 36.1%, very severe or deforming malocclusion.Conclusion: the sample revealed a high percentage of malocclusions of varying degrees, reaching about 80% of young people who need orthodontic treatment, which reinforces attention to this pathology by institutional programs of oral health.