A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Santos, Marina Ghirotto
Data de Publicação: 2015
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3685
Resumo: In recent years, the Latin America political scene was marked by the election of leftist governments that fostered a process called by some as "revolutionary neoconstitutionalism", of which Constitutions of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009) are emblematic. The Equadorian Constitution incorporates plurinationality and sumak kawsay (in kichwa, translated as "buen vivir" or good living) concepts, as well as interculturality and the rights of nature, which conform the bases of the new plurinational Ecuador State. This study, a result of bibliographic research and fieldwork, analyzes two of these concepts settled in practices and knowledge of indigenous people: plurinationality, which inspires a discussion of decolonizing political forms, structures and institutions of the modern State, as well as the nation as an unique and monocultural concept that corresponds to it; and sumak kawsay, that describes the "life in plenitude" rooted in the indigenous community and built upon a harmonious relationship with the nature (Mother Earth or Pachamama), that points to a post-development and post-extractivist perspective. Both the plurinationality and the sumak kawsay are political projects that implies multiple ways of practicing indigenous autonomy with the aim of decolonize the society and refound the nation State, its structures and institutions, as well as the narratives that legitimize it, and not just incorporate the indigenous into the existing institutional framework. The decolonial impulse of this project aims to overcome practices and discourses based on the coloniality of power, of knowledge, of being and of nature that have remained active even after the formal independence of Ecuador in the XIX century and still supports the subalternization of those taken as "different" of the national referent the indigenous people. Therefore, the indigenous political project simultaneously builds the decoloniality perspective - as a theoretical and methodological field of social thought - at the same time that it is influenced by it. In the post-constitutional scenario, the apparent consensus that had been reached between different political forces is diluted, leading to a bifurcation between governmental and indigenous political project and a dispute over meanings and forms of implementation of plurinationality and sumak kawsay. The current government defends the State's role in eliminating poverty and promoting development, based on revenues from the deepening of extractivism - particularly oil and mining - and placing the citizen as its main interlocutor. The oil extraction intends to move forward indigenous territories of the called "South-Eastern Amazon", historically out of the exploration route concentrated in Northern Amazon. For the vast majority of indigenous people who inhabit affected communities, it is precisely this policy that will make them poor, as it impedes the reproduction of "life in plenitude" that sumak kawsay makes reference to and denies the alterity contained in the plurinational and intercultural proposal. In this scenario, socio-environmental, political, cultural and epistemic struggles are emerging and relighting a dispute for this decolonizing concepts, tensioning the consolidation of the plurinational State to sumak kawsay. This highlights the existence of multiple paths to the realization of indigenous autonomy within the constitutional framework - and also beyond that
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spelling Tótora, Silvana Maria Corrêahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4808808U2Santos, Marina Ghirotto2016-04-26T14:55:42Z2015-10-192015-09-24Santos, Marina Ghirotto. The plurinationality in dispute: Sumak kawsay, indigenous autonomy and plurinational State in Ecuador. 2015. 235 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Sociais) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015.https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3685In recent years, the Latin America political scene was marked by the election of leftist governments that fostered a process called by some as "revolutionary neoconstitutionalism", of which Constitutions of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009) are emblematic. The Equadorian Constitution incorporates plurinationality and sumak kawsay (in kichwa, translated as "buen vivir" or good living) concepts, as well as interculturality and the rights of nature, which conform the bases of the new plurinational Ecuador State. This study, a result of bibliographic research and fieldwork, analyzes two of these concepts settled in practices and knowledge of indigenous people: plurinationality, which inspires a discussion of decolonizing political forms, structures and institutions of the modern State, as well as the nation as an unique and monocultural concept that corresponds to it; and sumak kawsay, that describes the "life in plenitude" rooted in the indigenous community and built upon a harmonious relationship with the nature (Mother Earth or Pachamama), that points to a post-development and post-extractivist perspective. Both the plurinationality and the sumak kawsay are political projects that implies multiple ways of practicing indigenous autonomy with the aim of decolonize the society and refound the nation State, its structures and institutions, as well as the narratives that legitimize it, and not just incorporate the indigenous into the existing institutional framework. The decolonial impulse of this project aims to overcome practices and discourses based on the coloniality of power, of knowledge, of being and of nature that have remained active even after the formal independence of Ecuador in the XIX century and still supports the subalternization of those taken as "different" of the national referent the indigenous people. Therefore, the indigenous political project simultaneously builds the decoloniality perspective - as a theoretical and methodological field of social thought - at the same time that it is influenced by it. In the post-constitutional scenario, the apparent consensus that had been reached between different political forces is diluted, leading to a bifurcation between governmental and indigenous political project and a dispute over meanings and forms of implementation of plurinationality and sumak kawsay. The current government defends the State's role in eliminating poverty and promoting development, based on revenues from the deepening of extractivism - particularly oil and mining - and placing the citizen as its main interlocutor. The oil extraction intends to move forward indigenous territories of the called "South-Eastern Amazon", historically out of the exploration route concentrated in Northern Amazon. For the vast majority of indigenous people who inhabit affected communities, it is precisely this policy that will make them poor, as it impedes the reproduction of "life in plenitude" that sumak kawsay makes reference to and denies the alterity contained in the plurinational and intercultural proposal. In this scenario, socio-environmental, political, cultural and epistemic struggles are emerging and relighting a dispute for this decolonizing concepts, tensioning the consolidation of the plurinational State to sumak kawsay. This highlights the existence of multiple paths to the realization of indigenous autonomy within the constitutional framework - and also beyond thatNos últimos anos, o cenário político latino-americano esteve marcado pela eleição de governos progressistas, que impulsionaram um processo chamado por alguns de neoconstitucionalismo transformador , do qual as Constituições do Equador (2008) e da Bolívia (2009) são emblemáticas. A Constituição equatoriana incorpora os conceitos de plurinacionalidade e sumak kawsay (em kichwa, traduzido como buen vivir ou bem viver), assim como a interculturalidade e os direitos da natureza, que conformariam as bases de um novo Estado plurinacional equatoriano. Este estudo, resultado de revisão bibliográfica e trabalho de campo, analisa dois desses conceitos enraizados nas práticas e nos saberes indígenas: a plurinacionalidade, que inspira uma discussão de viés decolonial das formas políticas, estruturas e instituições do Estado moderno, assim como da concepção de nação única e monocultural que lhe corresponde; e o sumak kawsay, que descreve a vida em plenitude enraizada na comunidade, construída mediante uma relação harmônica com a Natureza (Mãe-Terra ou Pachamama) e aponta para um horizonte pós-desenvolvimentista e pós-extrativista. Tanto a plurinacionalidade quanto o sumak kawsay são projetos políticos que sugerem múltiplas formas de exercício da autonomia indígena com o intuito de descolonizar a sociedade e refundar o Estado nacional, suas estruturas e instituições, bem como as narrativas que o legitimam, e não apenas incorporar os indígenas à institucionalidade existente. O ímpeto decolonial desse projeto pretende superar práticas e discursos pautados na colonialidade do poder, do saber, do ser e da natureza que permanecem em vigência mesmo após a independência formal do Equador no século XIX e seguem subalternizando a existência daqueles tidos como o diferente do referente nacional os povos e nacionalidades indígenas. Por isso, o projeto político indígena simultaneamente constrói a perspectiva da decolonialidade como campo teórico-metodológico do pensamento social ao mesmo tempo em que é por ela influenciado. No cenário pós-constituinte, o aparente consenso que havia sido alcançado entre distintas forças políticas se dilui, dando origem a uma bifurcação entre o projeto político governamental e o do movimento indígena e uma disputa pelos significados e formas de implementação dos conceitos de plurinacionalidade e de sumak kawsay. O atual governo defende o papel do Estado para a eliminação da pobreza e promoção do desenvolvimento , baseando-se nas receitas decorrentes do aprofundamento do extrativismo sobretudo petróleo e mineração e colocando o cidadão como seu principal interlocutor. O extrativismo petroleiro pretende avançar sobre os territórios indígenas da chamada Amazônia Sul-Oriental , historicamente fora da rota de exploração concentrada na região norte da Amazônia. Para grande parte dos indígenas que habitam as comunidades afetadas, é justamente esta política que os tornarão pobres, já que inviabiliza a reprodução da vida em plenitude , à qual remete o sumak kawsay, e nega a alteridade contida na proposta plurinacional e intercultural. Delineiam-se, neste cenário, embates socioambientais, políticos, culturais e epistêmicos que tensionam a consolidação do Estado plurinacional para o sumak kawsay e reacendem as disputas por tais conceitos decolonizantes, evidenciando os múltiplos caminhos existentes para o exercício da autonomia nos marcos constitucionalmente definidos e também para além destesapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucsp.br/tede/retrieve/12351/Marina%20Ghirotto%20Santos.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloPrograma de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Ciências SociaisPUC-SPBRCiências SociaisPlurinacionalidadeSumak kawsayDesenvolvimentoPobrezaExtrativismoDecolonialidadePovos indígenasPlurinationalityDevelopmentPovertyExtractivismDecolonialityIndigenous peopleCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADASA plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no EquadorThe plurinationality in dispute: Sumak kawsay, indigenous autonomy and plurinational State in Ecuadorinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SPinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)instacron:PUC_SPTEXTMarina Ghirotto Santos.pdf.txtMarina Ghirotto Santos.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain576422https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/3685/3/Marina%20Ghirotto%20Santos.pdf.txt36913b11638485e6341d44869daa5ac7MD53ORIGINALMarina Ghirotto Santos.pdfapplication/pdf12286350https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/3685/1/Marina%20Ghirotto%20Santos.pdf2831581c37923bb271879abb96cd702aMD51THUMBNAILMarina Ghirotto Santos.pdf.jpgMarina Ghirotto Santos.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg3451https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/3685/2/Marina%20Ghirotto%20Santos.pdf.jpg3710e0cba6b5c35f8c69252295289cc2MD52handle/36852022-04-28 18:39:21.257oai:repositorio.pucsp.br:handle/3685Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://sapientia.pucsp.br/https://sapientia.pucsp.br/oai/requestbngkatende@pucsp.br||rapassi@pucsp.bropendoar:2022-04-28T21:39:21Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv The plurinationality in dispute: Sumak kawsay, indigenous autonomy and plurinational State in Ecuador
title A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
spellingShingle A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
Santos, Marina Ghirotto
Plurinacionalidade
Sumak kawsay
Desenvolvimento
Pobreza
Extrativismo
Decolonialidade
Povos indígenas
Plurinationality
Development
Poverty
Extractivism
Decoloniality
Indigenous people
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
title_short A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
title_full A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
title_fullStr A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
title_full_unstemmed A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
title_sort A plurinacionalidade em disputa: Sumak kawsay, autonomia indígena e Estado plurinacional no Equador
author Santos, Marina Ghirotto
author_facet Santos, Marina Ghirotto
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Tótora, Silvana Maria Corrêa
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4808808U2
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santos, Marina Ghirotto
contributor_str_mv Tótora, Silvana Maria Corrêa
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Plurinacionalidade
Sumak kawsay
Desenvolvimento
Pobreza
Extrativismo
Decolonialidade
Povos indígenas
topic Plurinacionalidade
Sumak kawsay
Desenvolvimento
Pobreza
Extrativismo
Decolonialidade
Povos indígenas
Plurinationality
Development
Poverty
Extractivism
Decoloniality
Indigenous people
CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Plurinationality
Development
Poverty
Extractivism
Decoloniality
Indigenous people
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
description In recent years, the Latin America political scene was marked by the election of leftist governments that fostered a process called by some as "revolutionary neoconstitutionalism", of which Constitutions of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009) are emblematic. The Equadorian Constitution incorporates plurinationality and sumak kawsay (in kichwa, translated as "buen vivir" or good living) concepts, as well as interculturality and the rights of nature, which conform the bases of the new plurinational Ecuador State. This study, a result of bibliographic research and fieldwork, analyzes two of these concepts settled in practices and knowledge of indigenous people: plurinationality, which inspires a discussion of decolonizing political forms, structures and institutions of the modern State, as well as the nation as an unique and monocultural concept that corresponds to it; and sumak kawsay, that describes the "life in plenitude" rooted in the indigenous community and built upon a harmonious relationship with the nature (Mother Earth or Pachamama), that points to a post-development and post-extractivist perspective. Both the plurinationality and the sumak kawsay are political projects that implies multiple ways of practicing indigenous autonomy with the aim of decolonize the society and refound the nation State, its structures and institutions, as well as the narratives that legitimize it, and not just incorporate the indigenous into the existing institutional framework. The decolonial impulse of this project aims to overcome practices and discourses based on the coloniality of power, of knowledge, of being and of nature that have remained active even after the formal independence of Ecuador in the XIX century and still supports the subalternization of those taken as "different" of the national referent the indigenous people. Therefore, the indigenous political project simultaneously builds the decoloniality perspective - as a theoretical and methodological field of social thought - at the same time that it is influenced by it. In the post-constitutional scenario, the apparent consensus that had been reached between different political forces is diluted, leading to a bifurcation between governmental and indigenous political project and a dispute over meanings and forms of implementation of plurinationality and sumak kawsay. The current government defends the State's role in eliminating poverty and promoting development, based on revenues from the deepening of extractivism - particularly oil and mining - and placing the citizen as its main interlocutor. The oil extraction intends to move forward indigenous territories of the called "South-Eastern Amazon", historically out of the exploration route concentrated in Northern Amazon. For the vast majority of indigenous people who inhabit affected communities, it is precisely this policy that will make them poor, as it impedes the reproduction of "life in plenitude" that sumak kawsay makes reference to and denies the alterity contained in the plurinational and intercultural proposal. In this scenario, socio-environmental, political, cultural and epistemic struggles are emerging and relighting a dispute for this decolonizing concepts, tensioning the consolidation of the plurinational State to sumak kawsay. This highlights the existence of multiple paths to the realization of indigenous autonomy within the constitutional framework - and also beyond that
publishDate 2015
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2015-10-19
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identifier_str_mv Santos, Marina Ghirotto. The plurinationality in dispute: Sumak kawsay, indigenous autonomy and plurinational State in Ecuador. 2015. 235 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Sociais) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015.
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