Os discursos em torno do movimento antivacina no Brasil durante a pandemia de COVID-19

• Autor(a) principal: Whiteman, Mirella
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/42478
• topic: CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LINGUISTICA::LINGUISTICA APLICADA; Antivacina; Hesitação vacinal; Linguística de corpus; Análise multidimensional lexical; Análise do discurso; Anti-vaccine; Vaccine hesitancy; Corpus linguistics; Lexical multidimensional analysis; Discourse analysis

The last decade witnessed a significant rise in anti-vaccine movements, widely driven by the influence of digital media. The resurgence of previously controlled diseases, such as measles and polio, has emerged as a global concern, profoundly impacting healthcare professionals in Brazil. Since 2015, a decline in coverage of the National Immunization Program (PNI) has been observed, a trend exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. During the pandemic period, vaccines and their effectiveness became central themes in public discourse, intensified by the impact of social networks and their sophisticated information networks, widely used to disseminate vaccine hesitancy. In this context, the objective of this research is to investigate the discursive universe of the anti-vaccine movement in Brazil on the Twitter (now X) platform, based on a theoretical-methodological framework that comprises Corpus Linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2004), Dialogic Discourse Analysis (Bakhtin, 2016; Volóchinov, 2017) and Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1989; Van Dijk, 1985; Wodak, 1989). Previous investigations in big data did not focus on discourses, but rather on elements such as sentiments and topics (Jang et al., 202; Wicke; Bolognesi, 2020). Meanwhile, Discourse Analysis research related to the pandemic dealt with small volumes of data (Recuero; Stumpf, 2021; Jones, 2021). The use of Lexical Multidimensional Analysis (Berber Sardinha, 2016; 2017; 2020; Berber Sardinha; Fitzsimmons-Doolan, in press), the methodological approach chosen for this study, enabled the examination of discourses in large-scale corpora. The approach, based on statistical calculations, is capable of detecting groups of lexical items that co-occur in texts, thus revealing recurrent discourses in language. For the analysis, 16,841 tweets were subjected to tagging and lemmatization, followed by factor analysis. The Lexical Multidimensional Analysis allowed the identification of 3 main dimensions, with positive and negative poles: Warning about cardiac risks, sudden illnesses and deaths after booster doses, especially among youth and children, considering the vaccine as experimental versus Questioning and resistance to the imposition of compulsory measures and decrees to combat the advance of Covid-19; Allegations about the origin of the virus in a Chinese laboratory and interests of politicians and governments linked to large pharmaceutical groups versus Evidence of pseudoscientific studies published on the adverse effects of vaccines; and Defense of early treatment in the face of the lethality of the virus and the lack of studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of the emergency vaccine versus Reports about friends and third parties who suffered severe side effects – headaches, paralysis, kidney problems, leg and foot problems – and even fatal after vaccination. The present study achieved a satisfactory degree of theoretical[1]methodological triangulation by combining Corpus Linguistics with two complementary discourse theories. Moreover, it provided a new perspective on anti-vaccine discourses in Brazil by identifying and analyzing them in an integrated manner, understanding how they interact and reinforce each other mutually. Finally, it presented a significant contribution by recognizing the preponderant role played by social networks, with special emphasis on Twitter, as platforms whose architecture and intrinsic dynamics tend to privilege the systematic dissemination of disinformation