Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/39356 |
Resumo: | The present work investigates the North American heroic imaginary based on the analysis of Superman comics throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. These narratives are approached as constitutive elements of the imaginary as dimensions of history and, as such, producers of historically and socially constructed meanings, which give meaning to reality at the same time that they produce it. Through the analysis of the themes and images that compose and are repeated in these, referred to the context of their production, correlations are identified in the culture and social changes underlying the works, showing how these stories compose an Americanism and keep certain elements with fascism. Superman was born a child of the New Deal and Roosevelt, with a powerful motto: Truth, Justice and the American Way. Truth was brought by science, justice by due process of law, belief in institutions and the American Way was to help the needy and oppressed, then upholding law and order, and finally, on the eve of the United States' entry into World War II, defender of democracy. In the 50s and 60s, during the Cold War, the character's stories represent the fears and dreams of the United States in what was understood as a war not only against two antagonistic political and economic systems, but against antagonistic ways of life. It is during this period that the character crystallizes as a representative of optimism and the American Way. During the 1970s, there was a contestation of traditional American values. The character then begins to doubt himself, the importance and empowerment of his role. For the first time, a limit is placed on his actions, a moral, ethical limit: Superman can inspire humanity, but not govern it. As a counterpoint to this perspective, the Superman of the 1978 film emerges as a recovery of the vision of the 50s and 60s, with optimism and lost nostalgia and is acclaimed by the public. During the 80's the character's history is completely reformulated. Superman is more human than ever, imbued with American values in a neoliberal context where mass utopia has become detached from individual aspirations. This route is linked to the relationship between Americanism and fascism, revealing the paradox of the American heroic imaginary: the hero who acts to defend democratic institutions at the same time that his actions are anti-democratic, authoritarian |
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Tota, Antonio Pedrohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1382993125223554http://lattes.cnpq.br/9722451189779764Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos2023-09-29T14:12:47Z2023-09-29T14:12:47Z2023-03-17Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos . Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em História) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2023.https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/39356The present work investigates the North American heroic imaginary based on the analysis of Superman comics throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. These narratives are approached as constitutive elements of the imaginary as dimensions of history and, as such, producers of historically and socially constructed meanings, which give meaning to reality at the same time that they produce it. Through the analysis of the themes and images that compose and are repeated in these, referred to the context of their production, correlations are identified in the culture and social changes underlying the works, showing how these stories compose an Americanism and keep certain elements with fascism. Superman was born a child of the New Deal and Roosevelt, with a powerful motto: Truth, Justice and the American Way. Truth was brought by science, justice by due process of law, belief in institutions and the American Way was to help the needy and oppressed, then upholding law and order, and finally, on the eve of the United States' entry into World War II, defender of democracy. In the 50s and 60s, during the Cold War, the character's stories represent the fears and dreams of the United States in what was understood as a war not only against two antagonistic political and economic systems, but against antagonistic ways of life. It is during this period that the character crystallizes as a representative of optimism and the American Way. During the 1970s, there was a contestation of traditional American values. The character then begins to doubt himself, the importance and empowerment of his role. For the first time, a limit is placed on his actions, a moral, ethical limit: Superman can inspire humanity, but not govern it. As a counterpoint to this perspective, the Superman of the 1978 film emerges as a recovery of the vision of the 50s and 60s, with optimism and lost nostalgia and is acclaimed by the public. During the 80's the character's history is completely reformulated. Superman is more human than ever, imbued with American values in a neoliberal context where mass utopia has become detached from individual aspirations. This route is linked to the relationship between Americanism and fascism, revealing the paradox of the American heroic imaginary: the hero who acts to defend democratic institutions at the same time that his actions are anti-democratic, authoritarianO presente trabalho realiza uma investigação do imaginário heroico norte-americano a partir da análise dos comics do Superman ao longo do século XX e início do XXI, abordados como elementos constitutivos do imaginário como dimensão da história e, como tal, produtores de sentidos historicamente e socialmente construídos, que conferem sentido ao real ao mesmo tempo que o produzem. Por meio da análise dos temas e das imagens que compõem e repetem-se nessas histórias, remetidas ao contexto de sua produção, identificam-se correlações na cultura e mudanças sociais subjacentes às obras, evidenciando como compõem um americanismo e compartilham certos elementos com o fascismo. Superman nasceu como um filho do New Deal e de Roosevelt, com um lema poderoso: Verdade, Justiça e o American Way. A verdade era trazida pela ciência; a justiça, pelo devido processo legal, a crença nas instituições; e o american way era ajudar os necessitados e oprimidos, depois defender a lei e a ordem e, finalmente, às vésperas da Segunda Guerra Mundial, defender a democracia. Nos anos 1950 e 1960, durante a Guerra Fria, as histórias do personagem representam os medos e sonhos dos Estados Unidos no que era entendido como uma guerra não somente contra sistemas políticos e econômicos antagônicos, mas contra modos de vida antagônicos. É nesse período que o personagem se cristaliza como representante do otimismo e do american way. Durante os anos 1970 houve uma contestação dos valores tradicionais americanos. O personagem então começa a duvidar de si mesmo, da importância e relevância de seu papel. Pela primeira vez é colocado um limite às suas ações, limite moral, ético: o Superman pode inspirar a humanidade, mas não a governar. Como um contraponto a essa perspectiva, o Superman do filme de 1978 surge como uma recuperação da visão dos anos 1950 e 1960, portador de um otimismo e uma inocência perdidos, e é aclamado pelo público. Durante os anos 1980 a história do personagem é totalmente reformulada. Superman é imbuído de valores americanos em um contexto neoliberal em que a utopia de massas se apartou das aspirações individuais. Esse percurso é remetido à relação entre americanismo e fascismo, ou entre democracia e autoritarismo, revelando o paradoxo do imaginário heroico americano: o herói que atua para defender as instituições democráticas com ações que são antidemocráticas, autoritáriasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPESporPontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloPrograma de Estudos Pós-Graduados em HistóriaPUC-SPBrasilFaculdade de Ciências SociaisCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIASupermanAmericanismoFascismoImaginárioSuper-heróiSupermanAmericanismFascismImaginarySuperheroVerdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Supermaninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SPinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)instacron:PUC_SPORIGINALBruno Leonardo Ramos Andreotti.pdfapplication/pdf7516461https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/39356/1/Bruno%20Leonardo%20Ramos%20Andreotti.pdf73aaab1f2685ec31747a303ce423c88eMD51TEXTBruno Leonardo Ramos Andreotti.pdf.txtBruno Leonardo Ramos Andreotti.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain460460https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/39356/2/Bruno%20Leonardo%20Ramos%20Andreotti.pdf.txt70ae53814d389c7547b62b105f00af90MD52THUMBNAILBruno Leonardo Ramos Andreotti.pdf.jpgBruno Leonardo Ramos Andreotti.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1140https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/39356/3/Bruno%20Leonardo%20Ramos%20Andreotti.pdf.jpgee8368c0a6aa44aff16e1d218456aee2MD53handle/393562023-09-30 01:09:35.445oai:repositorio.pucsp.br:handle/39356Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://sapientia.pucsp.br/https://sapientia.pucsp.br/oai/requestbngkatende@pucsp.br||rapassi@pucsp.bropendoar:2023-09-30T04:09:35Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
title |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
spellingShingle |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA Superman Americanismo Fascismo Imaginário Super-herói Superman Americanism Fascism Imaginary Superhero |
title_short |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
title_full |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
title_fullStr |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
title_full_unstemmed |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
title_sort |
Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman |
author |
Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos |
author_facet |
Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Tota, Antonio Pedro |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1382993125223554 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9722451189779764 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos |
contributor_str_mv |
Tota, Antonio Pedro |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA |
topic |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA Superman Americanismo Fascismo Imaginário Super-herói Superman Americanism Fascism Imaginary Superhero |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Superman Americanismo Fascismo Imaginário Super-herói |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Superman Americanism Fascism Imaginary Superhero |
description |
The present work investigates the North American heroic imaginary based on the analysis of Superman comics throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. These narratives are approached as constitutive elements of the imaginary as dimensions of history and, as such, producers of historically and socially constructed meanings, which give meaning to reality at the same time that they produce it. Through the analysis of the themes and images that compose and are repeated in these, referred to the context of their production, correlations are identified in the culture and social changes underlying the works, showing how these stories compose an Americanism and keep certain elements with fascism. Superman was born a child of the New Deal and Roosevelt, with a powerful motto: Truth, Justice and the American Way. Truth was brought by science, justice by due process of law, belief in institutions and the American Way was to help the needy and oppressed, then upholding law and order, and finally, on the eve of the United States' entry into World War II, defender of democracy. In the 50s and 60s, during the Cold War, the character's stories represent the fears and dreams of the United States in what was understood as a war not only against two antagonistic political and economic systems, but against antagonistic ways of life. It is during this period that the character crystallizes as a representative of optimism and the American Way. During the 1970s, there was a contestation of traditional American values. The character then begins to doubt himself, the importance and empowerment of his role. For the first time, a limit is placed on his actions, a moral, ethical limit: Superman can inspire humanity, but not govern it. As a counterpoint to this perspective, the Superman of the 1978 film emerges as a recovery of the vision of the 50s and 60s, with optimism and lost nostalgia and is acclaimed by the public. During the 80's the character's history is completely reformulated. Superman is more human than ever, imbued with American values in a neoliberal context where mass utopia has become detached from individual aspirations. This route is linked to the relationship between Americanism and fascism, revealing the paradox of the American heroic imaginary: the hero who acts to defend democratic institutions at the same time that his actions are anti-democratic, authoritarian |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-09-29T14:12:47Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-09-29T14:12:47Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-17 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos . Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em História) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2023. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/39356 |
identifier_str_mv |
Andreotti, Bruno Leonardo Ramos . Verdade e Justiça: americanismo e fascismo nas histórias do Superman. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em História) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2023. |
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