Narrativas e games: um olhar do design literário-artístico

• Autor(a) principal: Tessaro, Annye Cristiny
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21522
• topic: Game; Narrativas; Designer de narraticas; Games Studies; Narratives; Interactive narratives; Narrative designer; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS

Humanity has always used narratives to communicate. Over the years, theorists have realized that there was a common basic structure and formulation in the narratives that allowed stories to perpetuate and adapt in order to form new stories. The contributions of Aristotle, Vladimir Propp and Jung, based on the observation of a varied corpus of tales and fables, enabled the scholar Joseph Campbell to elaborate a narrative structure called “Hero’s Journey”, an elliptical and evolutionary cycle in which the central axis is the hero (and also its variations, such as the anti-hero). This structure is widely used in the construction of contemporary narratives which paved the way for writers such as Vogler and Mckee allowing them to propose it’s adaptation centered on the protagonist-hero for literature and cinema. From the 1970s, with the evolution towards an interactive possibility, the entertainment industry began to incorporate, although modestly, the narrative as a possibility to improve the immersion in games using, most of the time, the Writer’s Journey (structure adapted by Vogler) as a parameter for the construction of narratives in games. However, it is essential to realize that games have specific peculiarities, besides a high content of interaction differing from other media and, therefore, its structure can not be conceived in the same way as it was proposed by Vogler, requiring an adaptation which addresses such particularities. In addition, usually professionals who engage in storytelling for games are screenwriters (which does not seem to be the most appropriate because the art of narrative goes beyond the script), or are writers (who mostly lack specific knowledge and qualification in the games area). Considering what was stated above, we argue for the adoption of a Narrative Designer (term created in 2006 by Game Designer Stephen Dinehart) to designate this professional whose knowledge involves multiple skills – such as programming, art and writing – combining the areas of Narratology, Ludology, and Game Design. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate conventional narrative structures and how they are presented in games, which are the elements and tools that can help the narrative designer in the creative process