O poder público e os direitos fundamentais: reflexões acerca da universalização do saneamento básico no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Marcelo Batista
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/39395
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO; Saneamento básico; Universalização do acesso; Direitos fundamentais; Dignidade humana; Basic sanitation; Universalization of access; Fundamental rights; Human dignity

This dissertation analyzes the case of universal access to basic sanitation in Brazil, unveiling social and regional inequalities. This context is recognized through the analysis of recent statistical data presented by leading research institutes of recognized national credibility. There is also an investigation into the history of basic sanitation in Brazil, with the timeline ranging from the discovery of the country to the present day. The violation of fundamental rights by the government affects human dignity and is a direct result of the dichotomy related to the issue of basic sanitation involving the concepts of “possible reserve” and “existential minimum” for a worthy life of human beings. This dichotomous reality is constantly in tension in the face of a fundamental right that should be immediately implemented, although it does not occur in practice, leading the judicial branch to be called upon to take action. This opens up another point about the principle of separation of powers, notably when there is specific legislation to achieve universal access to basic sanitation (Laws n. 11,445/07 and n. 14,026/20). However, these legal norms have structural flaws that relegate basic sanitation to a distant solution, which results in ineffective public policies, whose modification depends on comprehensive measures of normative, administrative and budgetary nature. The roles of the Judicial Branch and the Prosecution Office are critical with respect to new strategies and methodologies focused on the structural demands for implementing basic sanitation. This is so since the “new legal framework” (Law n. 14.026/2020) on the topic is showing preliminary results that are not encouraging thus requiring changes of direction in order to achieve the universalization of basic sanitation