Formulações de C. S. Peirce para conceitos-chave do século XIX: o instante e a evolução

• Autor(a) principal: Schettini, Mônica Bernardo
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4904
• topic: Charles Sanders Peirce; Século XIX; Comunicações; Evolucionismo; Peirce, Charles Sanders -- 1839-1914 -- Critica e interpretacao; Evolucao; Comunicacao; Seculo 19; Charles Sanders Peirce; Nineth Century; Firstness; Evolutionism; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::COMUNICACAO

In the nineteenth century the industrial uprising and demographic blowing were born, also bearing the first technical means of communication, like the telegraph and photography. Allied to the first printer machines, these means of communication were responsible for the rush in of journalism as also the appearing of the mass medium. At the same time, a revolution arose in the means of transport, that resulted from arose of the steam engine. Meanwhile, great breakages appeared in the artistic and literary world, changing abruptly the old inherited rules from the past. After all, it s a century plenty in great transformations, certainly done in order to follow the conceptual ones. What are the most paradigmatic concepts of these transformations? How Charles Sanders Peirce, certainly the best American thinker by that time, has reacted to them, while creating his own general signs theory, in a remarkable foreseeing the growing proliferation of the signs that would be the twentieth century landmark. These are the central questions of this research. The preliminary studies about history of the ideas during the twentieth century, bring us to the hypothesis that two of the main conceptual tendencies uprising in this century, to increase the value of the instant as a new moment of the time and the theory of evolutionism, have found in Pierces philosophy innovative formulations, whose can supply us the assistance for reading the cultural structures the means of mass communication put on the surface. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to bring the reflection about the likeliness between the Peirce s concept of firstness and the instant concept, as so to make an analysis of the dialog developed between Peirce and the evolutionist thinking, which doesn t remains to the limits of biology, but reach far into in all social extensions: the economics, politics and also the cultural ones. Concerning the fact this is an imminent theoretical search, the method adopted by us was based upon in bibliography research, in the methodological conceptual arrangements and argumentation techniques proper to use in this kind of search. In respect to the subject about instant in the nineteenth century, was assumed as a starting point the Leo Charney s study - Into an Instant: the cinema and the modernity philosophy . This paper brings us an adequate knowledge in respect to prize the instant that emerges in an esthetical field of activity in that period, as a way to rescue a possibility sensorial reply face the transitory and the excess stimuli that appears from modern environment. The conception of firstness developed by Peirce was submitted to an analysis, based upon author s written itself and from contributions based on some commentators, mainly Santaella and Rosensohn. The comparative study between primarily and instant, has show to us both may be known as ruptures to an excess of stimulus provided by modernity, the overwhelming population increase and by modifications of the communication environment, due to the uprising of new means of mass communication and the increase of the subsisted ones. The exam of the aforementioned correspondence was followed by the analysis and interpretation regarding to the Peirce s reflections about evolutionism, in great expansion during the nineteenth century, owing to implications from Darwinism. We have examined the theories established by Peirce, in order to explain the evolutive process, which itself, into the Peirce s perspective not only the live beings but also the nations, institutions and ideas were submitted. The author s writes and those from some of the contemporary ones like Ernest Mayr and Stephen Jay Gould, were the main theory sources from this part of this study