História comportamental: estudo dos efeitos da exposição a diferentes esquemas sobre um desempenho posterior

• Autor(a) principal: Borges, Nicodemos Batista
• Data de Publicação: 2005
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16812
• topic: história comportamental; história experimental; esquemas de reforçamento; Análise do comportamento; behavioral history; experimental history; schedules of reinforcement; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL

The field of Behavioral History has the purpose of studying the influences of the histories to which the subject was exposed on subsequent performances. This study aimed to discuss the following issues: a) the transitory performance under the exposure to different schedules of reinforcement; b) if this transitory performance depends on the schedule; c) if different types of experimental designs (Group vs. Within Subject) and data analyses (Groups of Sessions vs. Session to Session) indicate different interpretations of the phenomenon; d) the effects of the presentation of an disruptive variable ; and e) if experimental histories have any control over the subsequent responding. Eight male Wistar rats, kept at a proximally 85% of their free feeding weights, were divided into four groups, which underwent different experimental histories. The groups were submitted to DRL and FR histories, the differences being on the order of the schedule presentation, on the DRL value, and on the presentation of sound or no sound, except to Group 4, which did not have a FR history. The results found were: a) the reacquisition of responding under a specific schedule was faster than its acquisition; b) the presentation and withdrawal of the sound did not produce differences on responding; c) the rates of responding under a second exposure to a FR returned to the same pattern previous to the DRL history, except to subject 64; d) when compared to previous rates, a small increase in the rates of responding under a DRL schedule after a FR history was observed; and e) observing the same results in groups of sessions vs. session to session and group averages vs. individual values, different results were found concerning the presentation and withdrawal of the sound, as the results for groups of sessions and group averages suggested that presenting and withdrawing the sound produced changes in responding, but the individual results and the session to session results show that the sound did not have such effect on responding. These results suggest that: a) the different types of history produce different effects over subsequent responding, what reinforces the need of knowing the history to which the subject was exposed in order to predict and control behavior; b) the reacquisition of a responding pattern being faster than its acquisition indicates that the effects of history are not transitory; c) to state that a given effect of history is transitory or not, it is necessary to observe variables like: the type of schedule of reinforcement (current and to which the subject was previously exposed) and the experimental design; d) different experimental designs and data analysis can lead to different interpretations of a phenomenon; e) the presentation of a stimulus (a supposing disruptive variable ) seems not to alter the subjects behavior