A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP |
Texto Completo: | https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22454 |
Resumo: | If Socrates’ death can be considered the capital event of Plato’s philosophizing, the goal of this investigation is to philosophically enhance the representation of this event which is seen in Phaedo’s apology, a dialogue depicted in Athens’s cell that describes the philosopher’s speeches and attitude “towards death” (πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου: 57a), on the last day of his life. Special attention is given to the textual signals as well as the argumentative steps of the single, coherent dialectical investigation which begins as of the apology (from 63b to 69e), attempting to question the reasons for Socrates’ atypical happiness towards death; the investigation follows after the apology (from 70 a to 107 b), accomplishing what had previously been achieved through a new, even more comprehensive philosophical foundation, whose object will be the immortality of the soul. Taking into account that there is evidence of a sole dialectical investigation which merges apology and Phaedo’s remaining part, the proemium and its representation will be read as the necessary theoretical step that introduces the sequence of arguments on the immortality of the soul, justifying the logical nature of their conclusions. By taking a precise reconstruction of the logical sequence that connects “death as an event” (θάνατος) to death as a “dead state condition” (τεθνανάι) in the central definition of 64 c, we welcome the hypothesis that, in the platonic proposition, the philosopher’s condition of “being dead” goes beyond the feasible objective of an ethical attitude proposed by Plato: according to some specialists, this would be a “living death” metaphor encompassed in the Greek term, the perfect death state to which each human existence is bound , as its necessary teleological orientation. Therefore, it is not a metaphor, but a real experience which death as an event – θάνατος – decided by the gods, simply enhances, promptly materializing the human being in each individual. Thus, in Phaedo the authentic platonic doctrine of knowledge and its realization in the investigation on the immortality of the soul is understood from the point of view of a unique anthropological contemplation of death, the event which allows for – when wisely understood, and not feared as the worst of all evils – the contemplation of – even in its most decisive instant – the soul and its immortal move, in other words, its strength and intelligence, which reveals its own sovereign autonomy and reasoning prior to and beyond the body |
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Perine, Marcelohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4963302J7Vella, Giovanni2019-08-01T12:57:55Z2019-07-04Vella, Giovanni. A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι. 2019. 165 f. Tese (Doutorado em Filosofia) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Filosofia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019.https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22454If Socrates’ death can be considered the capital event of Plato’s philosophizing, the goal of this investigation is to philosophically enhance the representation of this event which is seen in Phaedo’s apology, a dialogue depicted in Athens’s cell that describes the philosopher’s speeches and attitude “towards death” (πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου: 57a), on the last day of his life. Special attention is given to the textual signals as well as the argumentative steps of the single, coherent dialectical investigation which begins as of the apology (from 63b to 69e), attempting to question the reasons for Socrates’ atypical happiness towards death; the investigation follows after the apology (from 70 a to 107 b), accomplishing what had previously been achieved through a new, even more comprehensive philosophical foundation, whose object will be the immortality of the soul. Taking into account that there is evidence of a sole dialectical investigation which merges apology and Phaedo’s remaining part, the proemium and its representation will be read as the necessary theoretical step that introduces the sequence of arguments on the immortality of the soul, justifying the logical nature of their conclusions. By taking a precise reconstruction of the logical sequence that connects “death as an event” (θάνατος) to death as a “dead state condition” (τεθνανάι) in the central definition of 64 c, we welcome the hypothesis that, in the platonic proposition, the philosopher’s condition of “being dead” goes beyond the feasible objective of an ethical attitude proposed by Plato: according to some specialists, this would be a “living death” metaphor encompassed in the Greek term, the perfect death state to which each human existence is bound , as its necessary teleological orientation. Therefore, it is not a metaphor, but a real experience which death as an event – θάνατος – decided by the gods, simply enhances, promptly materializing the human being in each individual. Thus, in Phaedo the authentic platonic doctrine of knowledge and its realization in the investigation on the immortality of the soul is understood from the point of view of a unique anthropological contemplation of death, the event which allows for – when wisely understood, and not feared as the worst of all evils – the contemplation of – even in its most decisive instant – the soul and its immortal move, in other words, its strength and intelligence, which reveals its own sovereign autonomy and reasoning prior to and beyond the bodySe a morte de Sócrates pode ser considerada o evento capital do filosofar de Platão, a presente investigação pretende valorizar filosoficamente a representação desse evento presente na apologia do Fédon, diálogo ambientado na cela de Atenas que descreve os discursos e os gestos do filósofo “perante a morte” (πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου: 57 a) em seu último dia de vida. Estão destacados os sinais textuais e as etapas argumentativas da única e coerente investigação dialética que começa já na apologia (de 63 b até 69 e), procurando questionar as razões da felicidade atípica de Sócrates perante a morte; continua depois da apologia (de 70 a até 107 b), realizando o que já havia sido adquirido em uma fundamentação filosófica nova e ainda mais abrangente, que terá como objeto a imortalidade da alma. A partir da constatação de que há indícios de uma única investigação dialética que une apologia e o restante do Fédon, o proêmio e sua representação tanatológica será lida como a etapa teórica necessária que introduza a sequência de argumentos sobre a imortalidade da alma, justificando o teor lógico de suas conclusões. A partir de uma precisa reconstrução da ordem lógica que liga a “morte como evento” (θάνατος) à morte como “condição de estar morto” (τεθνανάι) na definição central de 64 c, acolhemos a hipótese de que, na proposta platônica, a condição de “estar morto” do filósofo seja algo mais que o objetivo possível de uma atitude ética proposta por Platão: na opinião de alguns comentadores, seria essa uma metafórica “morte em vida”. O termo grego τεθνανάι apontaria o estado de morte perfeito ao qual está orientada cada existência humana, sua orientação teleológica necessária. Portanto, não se trata de uma metáfora, mas sim de uma experiência real que a morte como evento – θάνατος – decidido pelos deuses simplesmente aperfeiçoa, realizando pontualmente o ser humano de cada indivíduo. Assim, no Fédon, a autêntica doutrina platônica do conhecimento e a sua realização na investigação sobre a imortalidade da alma se entende a partir de uma particular contemplação antropológica da morte, o evento que permite – quando compreendido sabiamente e não temido como o pior dos males – contemplar – mesmo no seu instante decisivo – a alma e seu movimento imortal, isto é, sua força e inteligência, que mostram uma autonomia soberana e razão própria anteriormente e além do corpoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucsp.br/tede/retrieve/49867/Giovanni%20Vella.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloPrograma de Estudos Pós-Graduados em FilosofiaPUC-SPBrasilFaculdade de Filosofia, Comunicação, Letras e ArtesSócratesMorteAlmaImortalidade (Filosofia)SocratesDeathSoulImmortality (Philosophy)CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIAA alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναιSoul and death in Phaedo's apology: Socrates between θάνατος and τεθνάναιinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SPinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP)instacron:PUC_SPTEXTGiovanni Vella.pdf.txtGiovanni Vella.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain414694https://repositorio.pucsp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/22454/4/Giovanni%20Vella.pdf.txt5f368714d8ecd1142c396f75bb29ec89MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Soul and death in Phaedo's apology: Socrates between θάνατος and τεθνάναι |
title |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
spellingShingle |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι Vella, Giovanni Sócrates Morte Alma Imortalidade (Filosofia) Socrates Death Soul Immortality (Philosophy) CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA |
title_short |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
title_full |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
title_fullStr |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
title_full_unstemmed |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
title_sort |
A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι |
author |
Vella, Giovanni |
author_facet |
Vella, Giovanni |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Perine, Marcelo |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4963302J7 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Vella, Giovanni |
contributor_str_mv |
Perine, Marcelo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sócrates Morte Alma Imortalidade (Filosofia) |
topic |
Sócrates Morte Alma Imortalidade (Filosofia) Socrates Death Soul Immortality (Philosophy) CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Socrates Death Soul Immortality (Philosophy) |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA |
description |
If Socrates’ death can be considered the capital event of Plato’s philosophizing, the goal of this investigation is to philosophically enhance the representation of this event which is seen in Phaedo’s apology, a dialogue depicted in Athens’s cell that describes the philosopher’s speeches and attitude “towards death” (πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου: 57a), on the last day of his life. Special attention is given to the textual signals as well as the argumentative steps of the single, coherent dialectical investigation which begins as of the apology (from 63b to 69e), attempting to question the reasons for Socrates’ atypical happiness towards death; the investigation follows after the apology (from 70 a to 107 b), accomplishing what had previously been achieved through a new, even more comprehensive philosophical foundation, whose object will be the immortality of the soul. Taking into account that there is evidence of a sole dialectical investigation which merges apology and Phaedo’s remaining part, the proemium and its representation will be read as the necessary theoretical step that introduces the sequence of arguments on the immortality of the soul, justifying the logical nature of their conclusions. By taking a precise reconstruction of the logical sequence that connects “death as an event” (θάνατος) to death as a “dead state condition” (τεθνανάι) in the central definition of 64 c, we welcome the hypothesis that, in the platonic proposition, the philosopher’s condition of “being dead” goes beyond the feasible objective of an ethical attitude proposed by Plato: according to some specialists, this would be a “living death” metaphor encompassed in the Greek term, the perfect death state to which each human existence is bound , as its necessary teleological orientation. Therefore, it is not a metaphor, but a real experience which death as an event – θάνατος – decided by the gods, simply enhances, promptly materializing the human being in each individual. Thus, in Phaedo the authentic platonic doctrine of knowledge and its realization in the investigation on the immortality of the soul is understood from the point of view of a unique anthropological contemplation of death, the event which allows for – when wisely understood, and not feared as the worst of all evils – the contemplation of – even in its most decisive instant – the soul and its immortal move, in other words, its strength and intelligence, which reveals its own sovereign autonomy and reasoning prior to and beyond the body |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-08-01T12:57:55Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-04 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
Vella, Giovanni. A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι. 2019. 165 f. Tese (Doutorado em Filosofia) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Filosofia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22454 |
identifier_str_mv |
Vella, Giovanni. A alma e a morte na apologia do Fédon: Sócrates entre θάνατος e τεθνάναι. 2019. 165 f. Tese (Doutorado em Filosofia) - Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Filosofia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019. |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |
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