Um balanço entre o multilateralismo e o unilateralismo na política externa dos EUA no caso da guerra contra o Iraque em 2003

• Autor(a) principal: Fávero, Fábio Arroyo
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17432
• topic: Política Externa dos EUA; Guerra do Iraque (2003); Unilateralismo; Multilateralismo; United States Foreign policy; Iraq War (2003); Unilateralism; Multilateralism; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICA INTERNACIONAL::RELACOES INTERNACIONAIS, BILATERAIS E MULTILATERAIS

The objective of this dissertation is to make an investigation about the impact and influence that diplomacy in its multilateral expression may have in the option of using military forces abroad by members of the government of the United States. The analysis is developed for the specific case of the Iraq war, which started in March 2003. First we present one conceptual understanding of unilateralism and multilateralism as categories of classification of the degree of openness and influence of others actors in the foreign affairs of one State. After this we make one bibliographical review of the history of United States foreign affairs, identifying the meanings and the possible sources of unilateralism and multilateralism in its development, and which are their specificities. Then, we develop the proposed analysis, through the details about the context of the Iraqi crisis and north American involvement in it, and afterwards we identify in the United States action the degree in which its diplomatic action involved others actors and interests, for the purpose of having a scale of its multilateralism or unilateralism. Then we evaluate if these categories are useful for the better understanding of the role diplomacy may have in the United States foreign policy, specifically in the case of the war. Our conclusions points out a complex balance, since our sources indicate a strong unilateral tendency in the choice about the military option to disarm Iraq. However, at the same time we could see an wide and systematic effort to convince allies and specially the UN Security Council of the legitimacy and the need of the military action against Iraq. This effort appears to not have been more insistent on the account of the favorable domestic conditions for the war, with the support of US Congress, and the threat of a veto openly made by others member of the UN, fact which would potentially neutralize any chance of approval of one second resolution with an explicit authorization about the use of military force. This diplomatic effort confirm the limits of classifying the Iraq War as strictly unilateral, and the importance that such a diplomatic legitimation may have upon members of the United States government as to the use of military force abroad