Classificação dos estímulos reforçadores quanto às condições de produção das consequências: um estudo conceitual

• Autor(a) principal: Dorigon, Lygia T
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16888
• topic: Reforçador/reforçamento automático; Reforçador/reforçamento natural; Natural reinforcer/reinforcement; Automatic reinforcer/reinforcement; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL

An analysis of the publications which dealt with reinforcing stimuli classified according to the conditions of consequences production pointed to diversity in the terminological and conceptual orders. This diversity prevents the construction of a solid theoretical frame about the reinforcing stimuli in issue. For that reason a group of publications was analyzed. The analysis was conducted based on a database developed with passages of these publications. It was selected the paragraphs which contained at least one of a list of key-words related to the issue of interest, all the selected paragraphs were identified according to its original publication, year, chapter and caption. Next, all the paragraphs were classified according to its content; it could be classified as passage which contained a conceptual definition, conceptual implication, exemplification or a part of another subject. The results of these paragraphs analysis indicate that the terms natural reinforcer/reinforcement e automatic reinforcer/ reinforcement were most frequently cited by the authors analyzed. However, it was found that a small number of passages in the analyzed paragraphs were classified as conceptual definition (explicit or partial). The passages which contained the selected key-words were mainly related to implication (theoretical or practical), or offered some kind of exemplification and during the discussion of other subjects. The analysis of the references cited by the authors analyzed indicated the absence of concentration in one specific author or group of authors and the minor articulation between authors who took this theme as their interest. The paragraphs classified as conceptual definition and exemplification lead to a construction of a systematic approach to the reinforcing stimuli classified according to the conditions of consequences production, as follows: a) automatic reinforcer stimulus has a mechanic connection with the response and is part of natural contingencies; b) natural reinforcing stimulus consistently follows a response, it can be mediated, as long as the mediator is not the one who planned the contingency and is part of natural or constructed contingencies; and c) arbitrary or contrived reinforcing stimulus is always mediated by the same individual who arranged or facilitated the contingency in which participates and always participates in contrived contingencies. The passages classified as conceptual implication resulted in the analysis of the discussions about the utilization of contrived or arbitrary reinforcers in natural and applied settings. To the analyzed authors the conditions for the utilization of arbitrary reinforcers are specific and it must be carefully accompanied by its withdrawal planning. These recommendations are discussed based on the critics which were made to the concept of reinforcement and the utilization of reinforcement techniques by cognitive psychologists