Diferenças e desigualdade: o espírito e a política em Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Autor(a) principal: Rezende, Valdir Vieira
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/23194
• topic: Rousseau, Jean-Jacques [1712-1778] - Crítica e interpretação; Direito natural; Igualdade; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques [1712-1778] - Criticism and interpretation; State of nature; Equality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

In his acclaimed work Discourse on the origin and the foundations of inequality among men, dated of 1755, the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), thinking of man on his state of nature, mentions in a mysterious and instigating way the “qualities of mind or of soul”, which everyone would present considering an absolute natural equality. The thinker affirms that these qualities, among others, would be, indeed, differences between men in natural equality, which is the zero-point of the history Rousseau tells; which suggests, firstly, an idea of man’s singularity, featured by nature – a natural singularity - in the early individuals of the humankind in pre-social state. In this scenario, men would be equal in their state of nature regarding to fundamental rights; although, different and unique as individuals. The main purpose of this thesis is to argue that the differences between the individuals, specially the singularity between each one, would be not only one of the many causes of moral and politic inequality between each one, would not only be one of the many causes of moral and political inequality recognized by Rousseau, but, moreover, these differences concerning the perfectibility - another essential attribute of human nature in Rousseau’s reflection -, would explain the historic process which led men to the scenario the civilization currently finds itself. Nevertheless, this singularity is, above all, a value to be considered as we think about a free, fair and legit society as mentioned in The Social Contract. In another terms, our purposes is to highlight the importance of the ideas of differences, man’s singularity suggested by “qualities of the mind or of soul”, parallel with the equality, perfectibility and inequality ideas in the civilization’s diagnostic performed by Rousseau