Análise dos impactos ambientais de concretos com agregado reciclado de resíduos de construção civil

• Autor(a) principal: Cunha, Iasminy Borba
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/10398
• topic: Avaliação; Concreto; Ciclo de Vida; Resíduos; Impacto Ambiental; Custo; Evaluation; Concrete; Life Cycle; Cost; Environmental Impact; Waste; ENGENHARIAS

The civil construction industry is recognized as a major consumer of energy and natural resources, which results in the generation of solid and liquid waste, which in most cases are disposed of in the air, water or soil. These provisions cause imbalance and contribute to the emergence of various socioenvironmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to make it a less impacting activity and for that, ecological materials and technological solutions must be used, to promote the comfort of its residents, good use, reduction of pollution and economy of finite resources. Therefore, the present work aimed to apply the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, established by ISO 14.040 and 14.044 (ABNT, 2014), in order to compare the environmental impacts between concrete with natural coarse aggregate (CONREF00) and with recycled aggregate (CONARM25, CONARM50, CONARM75 and CONARM100). And for the development of the LCA, the SimaPro Faculty software, the Ecoinvent database, the CML 2002 calculation method, the functional unit of 1 m³ of concrete with a strength of 32 MPa were used, and the system boundary was of a cradle approach. To the gate, which considers the product life cycle from raw material extraction to the “factory” door. That said, it is concluded that the largest contributor to the environmental impacts of concrete is cement, followed by coarse aggregate, which occupies 65 to 70% of the mass of this material, which generates an annual consumption of 11,2 million tons of aggregate. For making concrete. Therefore, it is believed that the use of civil construction waste can reduce the environmental impacts of concrete, because when using a waste as an aggregate, natural resources are no longer exploited. However, it was concluded that switching up to 50% of the volume of the coarse aggregate will bring environmental benefits, as long as the maximum distance for acquiring this input does not exceed 120km. However, for concrete to be considered sustainable, it must also be economically viable, so a cost analysis of these replacements was carried out, but an increase was noticed (7.98%, 19.33%, 35.72% and 34.9%) in the price of m³ of concrete, due to the use of a fixed mechanical strength as a functional unit of the life cycle assessment.