Três ensaios sobre os efeitos do gasto público no desenvolvimento

• Autor(a) principal: Petry, Guilherme Corrêa
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/10699
• topic: Gasto Público; Desenvolvimento Humano; Governança; Saúde; Public Spending; Human Development; Governance; Health; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA

The thesis proposes the study of the effects of public spending on development based on three essays. The first investigates the effects of spending on the development of Brazilian municipalities. The definition of development adopted has the capabilities approach as a theoretical reference, and the methodology used is that proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991), in which dynamic panels with fixed effects are estimated by the method of generalized moments – GMM. The study considers 5568 municipalities from 2009 to 2019. The results show that public spending presents diminishing marginal returns until reaching a point of maximum impact, after which increases in expenditure reduce welfare. In line with previous empirical literature, the simulations carried out show heterogeneous effects of public expenditure in municipalities at different levels of development. Along the same lines, the second essay investigates the effects of governance on the development of Brazilian municipalities. Using the same methodology applied in the first essay, 5568 municipalities were considered in the period from 2016 to 2019. The results show that governance, represented in the model by a transparency index, does not have direct effects on development, but increases the impact of public spending in people's lives. Finally, the last essay focuses on the health area. A classic concept of health economics is addressed, which potentially reduces the effectiveness of public spending in the sector, the supplier induced demand, and an empirical study is developed to estimate the magnitudes of this effect in Rio Grande do Sul. Using the database of a health insurance plan of the State of Rio Grande do Sul - IPE Saúde, a model is specified to estimate the influence of profit margins on the amount of drugs prescribed by the service providers of the plan. The results show that for every 10% increase in the margin, there is an increase of 2.4% in the average amount of drugs used.