Degradação por CO2 da pasta de cimento classe G nas interfaces com o aço e a rocha arenito em condições de armazenamento geológico de carbono

• Autor(a) principal: Ortiz, Rafael Goularte
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3205
• topic: ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS; CIMENTO PORTLAND; POÇOS PETROLÍFEROS; DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO; CAPTURA DE CARBONO; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS

In the scenario of CO2 geological storage aiming mitigation of environmental impacts, the degradation of the materials used in the construction of wells, which may occur over time, becomes a concern, since it can facilitate the gas leakage to the surface. The major risk is the degradation of the cement that can occur in the presence of CO2 and water or brine promoting acid carbonation that causes an increase in permeability and porosity, and loss in mechanical properties. The most susceptible regions to the escape of CO2 caused by degradation of the cement are the interfaces with the steel pipe casing and with the rock formation. This study aims investigate the degradation of class G cement paste by CO2, simulating conditions similar to a 1.500 meter-depth well, which corresponds to a 70 °C temperature and a 15 MPa pressure, at its interfaces with the steel and sandstone of Rio Bonito Formation (Paraná Basin). The degradation of the cement paste, either in the supercritical CO2 or water saturated with CO2 media in the presence of sandstone rock and carbon steel has led to the formation of calcium and iron carbonates and subsequent dissolution of these carbonates at the interfaces with the rock and steel, creating regions of porosity. The sandstone did not constitute an obstacle for the passage of CO2, indicating that the precipitation of carbonates in the pores of the sandstone in an amount great enough to difficult or prevent the passage of CO2 probably only occurs with a long term exposure to CO2. The supercritical CO2 medium provided a greater chemically altered area if compared with the use of water saturated with CO2. However, the use of water saturated with CO2 was more aggressive to the interfaces since promoted its displacement, which indicates that the CO2 has migrated more easily through the upper and lower faces of the specimens. For the shorter times of exposure to humidified CO2 or water saturated with CO2, 7 and 14 days, the degradation depth of the cement paste was small (<1mm); however, the CO2 percolation reached 4 mm after 28 days.