O conceito de singularidade como fundamento da dimensão ética da linguagem : a gênese da teoria de Bakhtin e do Círculo

• Autor(a) principal: Seidel, Verônica Franciele
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/11217
• topic: Bakhtin e o Círculo; Para uma filosofia do ato responsável; Singularidade; Ética; Linguagem; Bakhtin and the Circle; Toward a Philosophy of the Act; Singularity; Ethics; Language; LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS

In Toward a Philosophy of the Act, Bakhtin exposes his reflections on duty as determined by a unique conjuncture. Alike this conjuncture, the individual is unique and singular, in such a way that they cannot act – and action implies the presence of language – without being themselves or without actively participating in real life. We believe that such publication works as a guiding project – that is, a theory on singularity as the foundation of ethical action and, under our perspective, ethics in language – which will only be accomplished in the broad set of ulterior productions of the Circle and Bakhtin. Hence, exploring and explaining the definition of singularity, as well as understanding its relationship with other definitions in the dialogical theory of language, may contribute to broaden the comprehension of Bakhtin's and the Circle's reflections. Additionally, conceiving language as possessing an ethical dimension establishes a new perspective within Linguistics, allowing us to grasp that speaking necessarily involves valuing and, therefore, acting in the world from a particular point of view. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the concept of singularity and its relation to the ethical dimension of language from the Bakhtinian perspective, investigating how these issues constitute the germ of later works from the Circle and Bakhtin. To achieve this, we intend to a) compile definitions of singularity, duty, and language from a Philosophy of the Act; b) identify the existing relationships between singularity and other key concepts of the dialogical theory of language, namely utterance and polyphony; and c) compare the concept of language present in this initial work and in later ones by Bakhtin and the Circle. As this study is theoretical, we conducted a reading of both the works produced by this group of Russian thinkers and texts written by other scholars on the theme of this investigation, such as Amorim, Sobral, and Bubnova. The results obtained based on the correlation between singularity and utterance show that the latter is the form of language presentation, which is made possible only through a stance taken by a singular individual, in an equally singular context, following a correlation with other positions belonging to also unique and irreplaceable individuals. The correlation between singularity and polyphony, otherwise, indicates that the artistic construction of the polyphonic novel is enabled by a recognition of the singularity of each subject and, consequently, their equality in relation to truth, giving rise to a dialogical approach that establishes reciprocity between the truth of the self and the truth of the other. Considering this, we corroborate the hypothesis that Towards a Philosophy of the Act works as a project of philosophical reflection that provides the understanding of subsequent propositions made by Bakhtin and the Circle. Such a project is only carried out as the language statute is modified in the Bakhtinian production, shifting from an emotive-volitional tone that accompanies the act but is separable from it to something pivotal that constitutes the act itself, without which it is not possible to act in the world