Estudos bioquímicos e nocaute gênico da enzima uracil fosforribosil transferase de Mycobacterium tuberculosis como alvo para o desenvolvimento de cepas atenuadas

• Autor(a) principal: Villela, Anne Drumond
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5428
• topic: BIOLOGIA CELULAR; BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR; BACTÉRIAS; TUBERCULOSE; INFECÇÃO BACTERIANA; ENZIMAS; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which currently infects one-third of the world s population. Despite the availability of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine and effective short-course chemotherapy, the increasing global burden of TB has been linked to the co-infection with HIV, the emergence of multi, extensively and now totally drug-resistant strains. Furthermore, the capacity of M. tuberculosis to remain viable within infected hosts in a long-term asymptomatic infection is an additional problem for the control of TB. Nucleotides biosynthesis pathways provide promising molecular targets for the development of new vaccines and therapeutic strategies to control the global incidence of TB. Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5'-phosphoribosyl-a- 1'-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi). UPRT plays an important role in the pyrimidine salvage pathway since its product (UMP) is a common precursor of all pyrimidine nucleotides. This work presents cloning, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, and purification of the upp-encoded M. tuberculosis UPRT (MtUPRT). Mass spectrometry analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed the identity of homogeneous MtUPRT. The molecular mass of the native MtUPRT was shown to follow a monomer-tetramer association model by analytical ultracentrifugation. This enzyme did not show a pronounced regulation by GTP as this nucleotide did not affect enzyme kinetic parameters, and its binding was not detected by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Initial velocity and ITC studies suggested that catalysis proceeds through a sequential ordered mechanism, in which PRPP binds first, followed by uracil binding, and PPi is the first product to be released, followed by UMP. ITC also showed that PRPP and UMP binding are thermodynamically favorable processes. The pH-rate profiles indicated that groups with pK values of 5.7 and 8.1 are important for catalytic activity and a group with a pK value of 9.45 is involved in PRPP binding. Pre-steady-state kinetic data suggested that product release is not the rate-limiting step of the reaction catalyzed by MtUPRT. Kinetic fluorescence studies demonstrated two forms of enzyme in solution of which only one can bind to PRPP. Knockout of the upp gene showed that this gene is not essential for M. tuberculosis H37Rv in the employed experimental conditions and the absence of upp gene did not affect the mycobacterium growth. UPRT is expressed in both high and low oxygen conditions of M. tuberculosis H37Ra growth. MtUPRT is inhibited by an active metabolite of isoxyl, which does not seem to inhibit RNA polymerase, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Minimum inhibitory concentration of isoxyl for M. tuberculosis mutant for upp gene, complemented and wild type strains was 12.8 μg/mL, meaning that the absence of the upp gene did not affect M. tuberculosis sensitivity to isoxyl. Altogether, these data may be useful for a better understanding about the nucleotide biosynthesis pathway in M. tuberculosis and as a framework on which to base efforts towards the development of efficient prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to decrease the global incidence of this pathogen.