O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
Texto Completo: | http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6564 |
Resumo: | The occurrence of maltreatment in childhood is a phenomenon with high prevalence around the world and is associated to a series of neurobiological, emotional and cognitive impairments in victims. A body of evidence already exists regarding its consequences for adolescent and adult samples, suggesting deleterious medium and long-term impacts; however, impairments in childhood have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of maltreatment on cognition during childhood, as well as the presence of associated clinical symptoms. This thesis is composed of three papers: one theoretical and two empirical. The theoretical article entitled "Cognitive, neurobiological and psychopathological alterations associated with child maltreatment: a review of systematic reviews" aims to review the association between maltreatment and neurobiological, cognitive and lifetime comorbid psychiatric alterations. Important neurobiological alterations were found to be associated with maltreatment, as changes in levels of cortisol, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Structural impairments were found in regions such as the frontal cortex and hippocampus in adult victims of childhood maltreatment. The most consistent finding was the association between childhood maltreatment and presence of psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Regarding the impact of maltreatment on cognition, there are few studies to date and they report contrasting results. A need for further studies with child samples was evidenced through the literature review, in order to assess the immediate or short-term impact of maltreatment in cognition, as well as the presence of clinical symptoms. Thus, the first empirical article entitled "Cognitive Performance and Clinical Symptoms in Maltreatment Victims: Intellectual Impairment Evidence in a Child Sample in Brazil" aims to assess global cognitive profile and the prevalence of intellectual impairment of a sample of child victims of maltreatment between 6 and 12 years of age. A further objective is to assess the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and their relation to the cognitive profile of the sample. Group differences were found across all assessed functions, with the presence of important intellectual impairment in the maltreatment group. More clinical symptoms, especially externalizing symptoms, were found in the maltreatment group. Few associations were found between clinical symptoms and cognitive profile. The second empirical article, "Executive Function and clinical symptoms in children exposed to maltreatment", sought to assess in a more specific manner the executive functioning of a group of child victims of maltreatment aged 8 to 12 years. Furthermore, clinical symptoms were more broadly investigated in the sample, through the assessment of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Evidence of an important executive impairment was found in the maltreatment group. Inhibitory control remained impaired even when controlling for intelligence. More clinical symptoms were found in the maltreatment group, with no association between most of the cognitive and clinical measures. Lastly, final considerations about the work are drawn. In view of the findings of a high prevalence of intellectual impairments in the maltreatment group and the dissociation between cognitive impairments and clinical profile, the discussion revolves around preventive and cognitive stimulation interventions for victims. |
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Kristensen, Christian Haag522.429.860-15http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707062J9000.426.520-30http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4771336P6Núñez Carvalho, Janaína Castro2016-04-04T14:21:27Z2016-03-04http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6564The occurrence of maltreatment in childhood is a phenomenon with high prevalence around the world and is associated to a series of neurobiological, emotional and cognitive impairments in victims. A body of evidence already exists regarding its consequences for adolescent and adult samples, suggesting deleterious medium and long-term impacts; however, impairments in childhood have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of maltreatment on cognition during childhood, as well as the presence of associated clinical symptoms. This thesis is composed of three papers: one theoretical and two empirical. The theoretical article entitled "Cognitive, neurobiological and psychopathological alterations associated with child maltreatment: a review of systematic reviews" aims to review the association between maltreatment and neurobiological, cognitive and lifetime comorbid psychiatric alterations. Important neurobiological alterations were found to be associated with maltreatment, as changes in levels of cortisol, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Structural impairments were found in regions such as the frontal cortex and hippocampus in adult victims of childhood maltreatment. The most consistent finding was the association between childhood maltreatment and presence of psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Regarding the impact of maltreatment on cognition, there are few studies to date and they report contrasting results. A need for further studies with child samples was evidenced through the literature review, in order to assess the immediate or short-term impact of maltreatment in cognition, as well as the presence of clinical symptoms. Thus, the first empirical article entitled "Cognitive Performance and Clinical Symptoms in Maltreatment Victims: Intellectual Impairment Evidence in a Child Sample in Brazil" aims to assess global cognitive profile and the prevalence of intellectual impairment of a sample of child victims of maltreatment between 6 and 12 years of age. A further objective is to assess the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and their relation to the cognitive profile of the sample. Group differences were found across all assessed functions, with the presence of important intellectual impairment in the maltreatment group. More clinical symptoms, especially externalizing symptoms, were found in the maltreatment group. Few associations were found between clinical symptoms and cognitive profile. The second empirical article, "Executive Function and clinical symptoms in children exposed to maltreatment", sought to assess in a more specific manner the executive functioning of a group of child victims of maltreatment aged 8 to 12 years. Furthermore, clinical symptoms were more broadly investigated in the sample, through the assessment of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Evidence of an important executive impairment was found in the maltreatment group. Inhibitory control remained impaired even when controlling for intelligence. More clinical symptoms were found in the maltreatment group, with no association between most of the cognitive and clinical measures. Lastly, final considerations about the work are drawn. In view of the findings of a high prevalence of intellectual impairments in the maltreatment group and the dissociation between cognitive impairments and clinical profile, the discussion revolves around preventive and cognitive stimulation interventions for victims.A ocorrência de maus-tratos na infância é um fenômeno com alta prevalência ao redor do mundo e está associado a uma série de prejuízos neurobiológicos, emocionais e cognitivos nas vítimas. Ainda que já exista um corpo de evidências sobre as suas sequelas em amostras de adolescentes e adultos, sugerindo um impacto deletério a médio e longo prazo, os prejuízos na infância ainda não foram suficientemente estudados. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição durante a infância, bem como a presença de sintomatologia clínica associada. A presente tese é composta de 3 artigos, sendo um artigo teórico e dois artigos empíricos. O primeiro artigo teórico denominado “Cognitive, neurobiological and psychopathological alterations associated with child maltreatment: a review of systematic reviews” teve como objetivo revisar a associação entre maus-tratos e alterações neurobiológicas, cognitivas e comorbidades psiquiátricas ao longo da vida. Foram encontradas importantes alterações neurobiológicas associadas aos maus-tratos com modificações nos níveis de cortisol, dopamina, noradrenalina e serotonina. Em nível estrutural foram encontradas diminuições em regiões como córtex frontal e hipocampo em adultos vítimas de maus-tratos na infância. O achado mais consistente foi a associação entre maus-tratos na infância e presença de quadros psiquiátricos na vida adulta. Em relação ao impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição, existem poucos estudos até o momento e estes encontraram resultados contrastantes. A partir da revisão da literatura evidenciou-se a necessidade de mais estudos com amostras de crianças, para avaliar o impacto imediato, ou de curto prazo, dos maus-tratos na cognição, bem como a presença de sintomatologia clínica. Dessa forma, o primeiro artigo empírico denominado “Desempenho Cognitivo e Sintomas Clínicos em Vítimas de Maus-tratos: Evidências de Prejuízo Intelectual em uma Amostra de Crianças no Brasil” teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil cognitivo global, bem como a prevalência de prejuízo intelectual de uma amostra de crianças vítimas de maus-tratos de 6 a 12 anos. Teve como objetivo ainda avaliar a presença de sintomas internalizantes e externalizantes na amostra e sua relação com o perfil cognitivo. Foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos em todas as funções avaliadas, com a presença de importante prejuízo intelectual no grupo maus-tratos. Foi encontrada, ainda, maior sintomatologia clínica, sobretudo de sintomas externalizantes, no grupo maus-tratos. Foram encontradas poucas associações entre a sintomatologia clínica e o perfil cognitivo encontrado. O segundo artigo empírico, “Funções Executivas e sintomatologia clínica em crianças expostas a maus-tratos”, buscou avaliar de uma forma mais específica as funções executivas de um grupo de crianças de 8 a 12 anos vítimas de maus-tratos bem como investigar de forma mais ampla a sintomatologia clínica na amostra, avaliando sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e sintomatologia de estresse pós-traumático. Foram encontradas evidências de importante prejuízo executivo no grupo maus-tratos. O controle inibitório manteve-se prejudicado, mesmo quando a inteligência foi controlada. Houve maior presença de sintomatologia clínica no grupo maus-tratos, sem associação entre a maior parte das medidas cognitivas e clínicas. Por último, foram traçadas considerações finais sobre o trabalho. Tendo em vista os achados de alta prevalência de prejuízos intelectuais no grupo maus-tratos e dissociação entre os prejuízos cognitivos e o perfil clínico, foram discutidas, a partir da literatura, intervenções preventivas e de estimulação cognitiva para as vítimas.Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informação - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-04T14:21:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_JANAINA_CASTRO_NUNEZ_CARVALHO_PARCIAL.pdf: 5015625 bytes, checksum: 4c73c3dfc7f7628f236a0ad0ce99c33a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T14:21:27Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
title |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
spellingShingle |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância Núñez Carvalho, Janaína Castro MAUS-TRATOS INFANTIS COGNIÇÃO PSICOPATOLOGIA NEUROPSICOLOGIA PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
title_short |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
title_full |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
title_fullStr |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
title_full_unstemmed |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
title_sort |
O impacto dos maus-tratos na cognição e na emoção durante a infância |
author |
Núñez Carvalho, Janaína Castro |
author_facet |
Núñez Carvalho, Janaína Castro |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Kristensen, Christian Haag |
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv |
522.429.860-15 |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707062J9 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
000.426.520-30 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4771336P6 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Núñez Carvalho, Janaína Castro |
contributor_str_mv |
Kristensen, Christian Haag |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
MAUS-TRATOS INFANTIS COGNIÇÃO PSICOPATOLOGIA NEUROPSICOLOGIA PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA |
topic |
MAUS-TRATOS INFANTIS COGNIÇÃO PSICOPATOLOGIA NEUROPSICOLOGIA PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
description |
The occurrence of maltreatment in childhood is a phenomenon with high prevalence around the world and is associated to a series of neurobiological, emotional and cognitive impairments in victims. A body of evidence already exists regarding its consequences for adolescent and adult samples, suggesting deleterious medium and long-term impacts; however, impairments in childhood have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of maltreatment on cognition during childhood, as well as the presence of associated clinical symptoms. This thesis is composed of three papers: one theoretical and two empirical. The theoretical article entitled "Cognitive, neurobiological and psychopathological alterations associated with child maltreatment: a review of systematic reviews" aims to review the association between maltreatment and neurobiological, cognitive and lifetime comorbid psychiatric alterations. Important neurobiological alterations were found to be associated with maltreatment, as changes in levels of cortisol, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Structural impairments were found in regions such as the frontal cortex and hippocampus in adult victims of childhood maltreatment. The most consistent finding was the association between childhood maltreatment and presence of psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Regarding the impact of maltreatment on cognition, there are few studies to date and they report contrasting results. A need for further studies with child samples was evidenced through the literature review, in order to assess the immediate or short-term impact of maltreatment in cognition, as well as the presence of clinical symptoms. Thus, the first empirical article entitled "Cognitive Performance and Clinical Symptoms in Maltreatment Victims: Intellectual Impairment Evidence in a Child Sample in Brazil" aims to assess global cognitive profile and the prevalence of intellectual impairment of a sample of child victims of maltreatment between 6 and 12 years of age. A further objective is to assess the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and their relation to the cognitive profile of the sample. Group differences were found across all assessed functions, with the presence of important intellectual impairment in the maltreatment group. More clinical symptoms, especially externalizing symptoms, were found in the maltreatment group. Few associations were found between clinical symptoms and cognitive profile. The second empirical article, "Executive Function and clinical symptoms in children exposed to maltreatment", sought to assess in a more specific manner the executive functioning of a group of child victims of maltreatment aged 8 to 12 years. Furthermore, clinical symptoms were more broadly investigated in the sample, through the assessment of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Evidence of an important executive impairment was found in the maltreatment group. Inhibitory control remained impaired even when controlling for intelligence. More clinical symptoms were found in the maltreatment group, with no association between most of the cognitive and clinical measures. Lastly, final considerations about the work are drawn. In view of the findings of a high prevalence of intellectual impairments in the maltreatment group and the dissociation between cognitive impairments and clinical profile, the discussion revolves around preventive and cognitive stimulation interventions for victims. |
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2016 |
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