Violência infantil : evidências em crimes sexuais contra crianças

• Autor(a) principal: Rios, Angelita Maria Ferreira Machado
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/877
• topic: PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA; VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL - CRIANÇAS; LAUDOS PERICIAIS; INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL; VIOLÊNCIA - VÍTIMAS; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

Child sexual abuse has its own characteristics and its assessment by the authorities becomes complex due to multiple factors such as the absence of witnesses and the limitation of physical traces. This dissertation addresses sexual violence against minors, through the presentation of two studies. The first study presents the characteristics of sexual abuse allegations involving 117 children under this type of crime. Was performed documentary research and retrospective information contained in expert reports, having been raised the characteristics of the alleged victims, notifyers and suspects. Were also analyzed the steps between reporting the facts and the offering of the complaint by the Ministério Público and/or court decision at first instance. The results of this study showed that the alleged victims were predominantly female and that the abuse was intrafamilial in most cases, being the mother the main accuser. The physical expertise showed absence of physical traces in most of the analyzed cases. The psychic expertise was performed on 45 children, occurring in two stages: the investigative interview and the clinical evaluation. In most cases there was a revelation of an abusive situation by the alleged victims and were also identified signs of psychological distress. The follow up processes showed the predominance of cases filed in Promotoria Cível due to the protection of the child by their own family or by measures of overthrow of family power. About a third of the cases reported by Promotoria Criminal showed a judicial outcome in the first instance. It was observed that the authorities have used various evidences inserted in the context of the criminal event to base their decisions on the analysis of sexual offenses against children. Considering the complexity of these crimes, the second study presents a survey on the opinion of the authorities regarding the criteria for the assessment of evidence on the investigative and procedural phases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, nine of the investigative phase (Police Marshal) and nine on the procedural stage (five Prosecutors and four Judges with experience in the area of Children and Youth). The authorities expressed their opinion on the analysis of the following evidence: the word of the victim, the physical traces, other evidence (witnesses, school reports, reports of health and psychosocial) and the confession of the suspect. Most participants mentioned that the absence of witnesses, the limitation of physical evidence and the secrecy surrounding the intrafamily abuse are difficulties in assessing these crimes. These difficulties cause delays in the final outcome of cases, prolonging the psychological distress of the victims, family members and technical staff involved in the investigation, complaint and judicial decision. However, the interviewees felt that progress have been made in order to preserve the main evidence in sexual abuse: the word of the victim. It was observed in these studies, the knowledge of the peculiarities of child sexual abuse, standardization of procedures and scientific advancement regarding the collection of evidence are required for full protection of the victims of these types of crimes to actually occur.