Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016)
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
| Tipo de documento: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
| Texto Completo: | http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9067 |
Resumo: | 177 years after the publication of Marx (2017) articles in the Gazeta Renana, in the European context, his contribution remains not only current, but necessary to understand social processes in the Latin American and peripheral context. Situating the historicity of the work and the Brazilian reality, the purpose of rescuing it is precisely to show the barbaric face of capitalist accumulation, which is even more acute with regard to people in situations of criminalization by the State. This is because in the condition of violating the law, the woman becomes the object of sanction and punishment, and from her is not only suppressed the right to freedom, but also the right to be a protagonist of resistance, from antagonistic drive to the capitalist mode of production. This means that insofar as the state puts the person in the condition of defendant, the right to conflict against the oppressions of the state and capital society is also withdrawn. Because it is breaking the law, it is now considered a lesser person and therefore unable to be in the field of political disputes and battles. Criminalization and punishment, thus, are not restricted to acts of punishing only through prison, but above all, the political and collective life of the subject. It depoliticizes it to the point of not being seen as a human person, able to still require in the condition of "criminal" a place of respect and rights. The abstract law becomes concrete through its negation, that is, the woman prisoner only knows the rule of law when it violates her system of legal norms, so her punitive face is made by making her legally and criminally dispossessed. In addressing drug trafficking as a market, we affirm that it is based on an invisible workforce regarding the guarantee and enforceability of rights, not only that, but liable to criminalization. Thus, men and women, mostly young, black, with low education and survivors of the slums and peripheries, now occupy this illicit and informal work space formed in their spatialities. The illicit is the legal guarantee of capital control over them, because thus the appropriation and exploitation of the labor force occurs under two imminent risks: death and imprisonment. Given the legal and criminal structure, it is necessary to apply it in time and space, so it is necessary that subjects and places match the proposal of segregation and criminalization. Given this context, the thesis problem was: How are the determinants of gender, class and race expressed in the imprisonment of women arrested for drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil? The general objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of the determinants of gender, class and race in the imprisonment of women for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. Regarding the specific objectives, we highlight: a) To identify the relationship between unemployment and the entry of women into drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016), in the Brazil; b) Identify the discourses on the insertion of these women arrested for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. c) examine the determinants of class, race and gender present in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs at federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. We opted for postgraduate productions (dissertations and theses), from federal and state universities, in the five regions of the country, between 2006-2016, whose main research theme was the entry of women in the informal market. and illicit drugs. The search was performed at the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) with the descriptor “Women and Drug Trafficking”. There were 91 productions that were reduced to 12 productions based on the criteria listed, which had interviews with women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking. The material analysis process was performed based on the questions formulated by Volóchinov (2017, p. 220). This process was subdivided into 4 moments: I) reading and filing each material guided by the script, which consisted of analyzing the expectations that the speakers (reader) have regarding the comprehension of what they say to the interlocutors ( here authors); II) reading the file and articulation with the keywords of each text and the intentions of the interlocutors; III) access to the interview script of each production, its relation with the general objective of the respective text, situating the analysis of the existing dialogue between a current discourse with other discourses of the past; IV) main categories emerged after the previous stages and dialogical analysis of a present discourse with discourses that it raises in the future; and V) access to women's narratives from categories and the analysis of statements in concrete communicative contexts. The results showed that the analyzed productions about women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking, in this thesis, although they advance in the denunciation of living conditions and violations of human rights, do not radicalize in the critique of the discourse that there is a female crime, which in terms of science and knowledge production tends to reinforce oppressive and expropriating structures by seeking to define a type of criminal woman. These multiple definitions of entering the drug market individually read, sometimes for love, sometimes for autonomy, sometimes for material need, separate the reality of these women from the social relations of production and reproduction of capital, because they focus mainly on the positivist perspective of the drug´s deviant behavior, rather than focusing on the system as an expression of the contradictory combination of progress and destruction. That said, based on this research, we sought to state that women who are in the drug market today do not enter in isolation for purely subjective, affective and / or family reasons. There must be a real demand, sustained in their material needs of life and existence, which according to them is a central reason for entry. Trafficking would not be sustained by the perfidy of the idea of entering only by power and command, because this place is not for everyone. It is necessary to understand that these women correspond to a mass of informal unemployed, with low education, young and non-young, mostly black, rejected by the capital, from the point of view of the assured labor relations, a situation that most of them are generationally unaware of, becoming the dispossessed of the 21st century. |
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Grossi, Patrícia Kriegerhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4275343111687273http://lattes.cnpq.br/7050328398578647Duarte, Joana das Flores2019-12-19T14:29:23Z2019-11-18http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9067177 years after the publication of Marx (2017) articles in the Gazeta Renana, in the European context, his contribution remains not only current, but necessary to understand social processes in the Latin American and peripheral context. Situating the historicity of the work and the Brazilian reality, the purpose of rescuing it is precisely to show the barbaric face of capitalist accumulation, which is even more acute with regard to people in situations of criminalization by the State. This is because in the condition of violating the law, the woman becomes the object of sanction and punishment, and from her is not only suppressed the right to freedom, but also the right to be a protagonist of resistance, from antagonistic drive to the capitalist mode of production. This means that insofar as the state puts the person in the condition of defendant, the right to conflict against the oppressions of the state and capital society is also withdrawn. Because it is breaking the law, it is now considered a lesser person and therefore unable to be in the field of political disputes and battles. Criminalization and punishment, thus, are not restricted to acts of punishing only through prison, but above all, the political and collective life of the subject. It depoliticizes it to the point of not being seen as a human person, able to still require in the condition of "criminal" a place of respect and rights. The abstract law becomes concrete through its negation, that is, the woman prisoner only knows the rule of law when it violates her system of legal norms, so her punitive face is made by making her legally and criminally dispossessed. In addressing drug trafficking as a market, we affirm that it is based on an invisible workforce regarding the guarantee and enforceability of rights, not only that, but liable to criminalization. Thus, men and women, mostly young, black, with low education and survivors of the slums and peripheries, now occupy this illicit and informal work space formed in their spatialities. The illicit is the legal guarantee of capital control over them, because thus the appropriation and exploitation of the labor force occurs under two imminent risks: death and imprisonment. Given the legal and criminal structure, it is necessary to apply it in time and space, so it is necessary that subjects and places match the proposal of segregation and criminalization. Given this context, the thesis problem was: How are the determinants of gender, class and race expressed in the imprisonment of women arrested for drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil? The general objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of the determinants of gender, class and race in the imprisonment of women for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. Regarding the specific objectives, we highlight: a) To identify the relationship between unemployment and the entry of women into drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016), in the Brazil; b) Identify the discourses on the insertion of these women arrested for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. c) examine the determinants of class, race and gender present in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs at federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. We opted for postgraduate productions (dissertations and theses), from federal and state universities, in the five regions of the country, between 2006-2016, whose main research theme was the entry of women in the informal market. and illicit drugs. The search was performed at the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) with the descriptor “Women and Drug Trafficking”. There were 91 productions that were reduced to 12 productions based on the criteria listed, which had interviews with women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking. The material analysis process was performed based on the questions formulated by Volóchinov (2017, p. 220). This process was subdivided into 4 moments: I) reading and filing each material guided by the script, which consisted of analyzing the expectations that the speakers (reader) have regarding the comprehension of what they say to the interlocutors ( here authors); II) reading the file and articulation with the keywords of each text and the intentions of the interlocutors; III) access to the interview script of each production, its relation with the general objective of the respective text, situating the analysis of the existing dialogue between a current discourse with other discourses of the past; IV) main categories emerged after the previous stages and dialogical analysis of a present discourse with discourses that it raises in the future; and V) access to women's narratives from categories and the analysis of statements in concrete communicative contexts. The results showed that the analyzed productions about women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking, in this thesis, although they advance in the denunciation of living conditions and violations of human rights, do not radicalize in the critique of the discourse that there is a female crime, which in terms of science and knowledge production tends to reinforce oppressive and expropriating structures by seeking to define a type of criminal woman. These multiple definitions of entering the drug market individually read, sometimes for love, sometimes for autonomy, sometimes for material need, separate the reality of these women from the social relations of production and reproduction of capital, because they focus mainly on the positivist perspective of the drug´s deviant behavior, rather than focusing on the system as an expression of the contradictory combination of progress and destruction. That said, based on this research, we sought to state that women who are in the drug market today do not enter in isolation for purely subjective, affective and / or family reasons. There must be a real demand, sustained in their material needs of life and existence, which according to them is a central reason for entry. Trafficking would not be sustained by the perfidy of the idea of entering only by power and command, because this place is not for everyone. It is necessary to understand that these women correspond to a mass of informal unemployed, with low education, young and non-young, mostly black, rejected by the capital, from the point of view of the assured labor relations, a situation that most of them are generationally unaware of, becoming the dispossessed of the 21st century.Passados 177 anos da publicação dos artigos de Marx (2017), na Gazeta Renana, no contexto europeu, sua contribuição segue não só atual, mas necessária para compreendermos os processos sociais no contexto latino-americano e periférico. Situando a historicidade da obra e da realidade brasileira, o fito de resgatá-la é justamente para que se mostre a face bárbara da acumulação capitalista, ainda mais agudizada no que se refere às pessoas em situação de criminalização por parte do Estado. Isso porque, na condição de infratora da lei, a mulher passa a ser objeto de sanção e pena, e dela não é suprimido somente o direito à liberdade, mas também o direito de ser protagonista de resistência, de pulsão antagônica ao modo de produção capitalista. Isso significa dizer que na medida em que o Estado coloca a pessoa na condição de ré, o direito de conflito frente às suas opressões e da sociedade do capital são também retirados. Por estar infringindo a lei, passa a ser considerada sujeita de menor valor, portanto, incapaz de estar no campo das disputas e batalhas políticas. A criminalização e a penalização, dessa forma, não estão restritas aos atos de punir somente via cárcere, mas sobretudo invadem a vida política e coletiva de cada pessoa. Despolitiza-a a ponto de não ser vista como pessoa humana, capaz de requerer ainda na condição de “criminosa” um lugar de respeito e direito. O direito abstrato torna-se concreto pela via de sua negação, ou seja, a mulher presa só conhece o Estado de Direito quando infringe seu sistema de normas legais, logo, a sua face punitiva se faz ao torná-la juridicamente e penalmente despossuída. Ao abordamos o tráfico de drogas como mercado, afirmamos que ele se constitui a partir de uma força de trabalho invisível, no tocante à garantia e exigibilidade de direitos, não só isso, mas passível de criminalização. Assim, homens e mulheres, em grande parte jovens, negros/as, com baixa escolarização e sobreviventes nas favelas e periferias, passam a ocupar esse espaço de trabalho ilícito e informal formado em suas espacialidades. O ilícito é a garantia jurídica de controle do capital sobre os mesmos, pois assim a apropriação e exploração da força de trabalho ocorre sobre dois riscos eminentes: o de morte e o da prisão. Dada a estruturação jurídica e penal, faz-se necessário aplicá-la no tempo e no espaço, logo, é preciso que esses indivíduos e lugares coadunem a proposta de segregação e criminalização do Estado Penal. Diante desse contexto, o problema de tese constituiu-se em: Como se expressam os determinantes de gênero, classe e raça no encarceramento de mulheres presas por tráfico de drogas nas produções vinculadas aos programas de pós-graduação na última década (2006-2016) no Brasil? O objetivo geral do estudo foi o de analisar a relação dos determinantes de gênero, classe e raça no encarceramento de mulheres por tráfico de drogas na produção de teses e dissertações vinculadas aos programas de pós-graduação em universidades federais e estaduais, na última década (2006-2016) no Brasil. Em relação aos objetivos específicos, destacamos: a) Identificar a relação entre desemprego e o ingresso de mulheres no tráfico de drogas nas produções vinculadas aos programas de pós-graduação, em universidades federais e estaduais, na última década (2006-2016), no Brasil; b) Identificar quais são os discursos sobre a inserção dessas mulheres presas por tráfico de drogas nas produções de teses e dissertações vinculadas aos programas de pós-graduação, em universidades federais e estaduais, na última década (2006-2016), no Brasil. c) examinar os determinantes classe, raça e gênero presentes nas produções de teses e dissertações vinculadas aos programas de pós-graduação, em universidades federais e estaduais, na última década (2006-2016), no Brasil. Optou-se por produções (dissertações e teses) em nível de pós-graduação, de universidades federais e estaduais, nas cinco regiões do país, entre os anos de 2006-2016, cujo tema central de investigação fosse o ingresso de mulheres no mercado informal e ilícito de drogas. A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) com o descritor “Mulheres e Tráfico de Drogas”. Apareceram 91(dissertações e teses) produções que foram reduzidas a 12 produções a partir dos critérios elencados, que tivessem entrevistas com mulheres presas pelo crime de tráfico de drogas. O processo de análise do material foi realizado a partir das questões formuladas por Volóchinov (2017, p. 220). Esse processo subdividiu-se em 4 momentos: I) leitura e fichamento de cada material norteada pelo roteiro, que consistiu em analisar as expectativas que os locutores (leitora/o) possuem em relação à compreensão daquilo que dizem aos interlocutores (aqui autoras); II) leitura do fichamento e articulação com as palavras-chave de cada texto e as intenções dos interlocutores; III) acesso ao roteiro de entrevistas de cada produção, sua relação com o objetivo geral do respectivo texto, situando a análise do diálogo existente entre um discurso corrente com outros discursos do passado; IV) principais categorias emergidas após as etapas anteriores e análise dialógica de um discurso do presente com discursos que ele suscita no futuro; e V) acesso às narrativas das mulheres a partir das categorias e a análise dos enunciados em contextos comunicativos concretos. Os resultados apontaram que as produções analisadas sobre mulheres presas pelo crime de tráfico de drogas, na presente tese, embora avancem na denúncia das condições de vida e nas violações dos direitos humanos, não radicalizam na crítica ao discurso de que existe uma criminalidade feminina, o que em termos de ciência e produção do conhecimento tende a reforçar as estruturas opressoras e expropriadoras, ao buscar definir um tipo de mulher criminosa. Essas múltiplas definições de ingresso no mercado de drogas lidas de forma individual, ora por amor, ora por autonomia, ora por necessidade material, aparta a realidade dessas mulheres das relações sociais de produção e reprodução do capital, pois centram-se na perspectiva positivista do comportamento desviante, e não do sistema como expressão da combinação contraditória entre progresso e destruição. Dito isso, com base nesta pesquisa, buscou-se afirmar que as mulheres que estão no mercado de drogas hoje não ingressam de forma isolada por motivos puramente subjetivos, afetivos e/ou familiares. É preciso que haja uma demanda real, sustentada em suas necessidades materiais de vida e existência, o que segundo elas é motivo central de ingresso. O tráfico não se sustentaria com a perfídia de ideia de ingresso apenas por poder e mando, até porque esse lugar não é para todos/as. É preciso entender que essas mulheres correspondem a uma massa de desempregadas informais, com baixa escolarização, jovens e não jovens, maioria negras, rejeitadas pelo capital, do ponto de vista das relações de trabalho assegurado, situação que boa parte delas desconhece geracionalmente, constituindo-se nas despossuídas do século 21.Submitted by PPG Serviço Social (servico-social-pg@pucrs.br) on 2019-12-19T12:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf: 1960121 bytes, checksum: ce1a729a7a77f468e9c4160d5eb60b86 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2019-12-19T13:54:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf: 1960121 bytes, checksum: ce1a729a7a77f468e9c4160d5eb60b86 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-19T14:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf: 1960121 bytes, checksum: ce1a729a7a77f468e9c4160d5eb60b86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-11-18Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucrs.br:80/tede2/retrieve/177428/Tese%20-%20Joana%20das%20Flores%20Duarte.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Serviço SocialPUCRSBrasilEscola de HumanidadesTrabalhoMercado de DrogasEncarceramentoDeterminantes de GêneroRaça e ClasseMulheresLaborDrug MarketIncarcerationDeterminants of GenderAce and ClassWomenCIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::SERVICO SOCIALDespossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisTrabalho não apresenta restrição para publicação-7419770476564296342500500500600-6557531471218110192-87966761028589380391802873727776104890info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RSinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)instacron:PUC_RSTHUMBNAILTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf.jpgTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg5426http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9067/4/Tese+-+Joana+das+Flores+Duarte.pdf.jpg842c5bc0674698825b3cff87a8e19476MD54TEXTTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf.txtTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdf.txttext/plain531735http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9067/3/Tese+-+Joana+das+Flores+Duarte.pdf.txt3710fb5c3436972093b4607d91bc1888MD53ORIGINALTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdfTese - Joana das Flores Duarte.pdfapplication/pdf1960121http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9067/2/Tese+-+Joana+das+Flores+Duarte.pdfce1a729a7a77f468e9c4160d5eb60b86MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8604http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9067/1/license.txt2da113c960f69249600b6226b45d17cbMD51tede/90672019-12-19 20:00:18.993oai:tede2.pucrs.br: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/PRIhttps://tede2.pucrs.br/oai/requestbiblioteca.central@pucrs.br||opendoar:2019-12-19T22:00:18Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)false |
| dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| title |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| spellingShingle |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) Duarte, Joana das Flores Trabalho Mercado de Drogas Encarceramento Determinantes de Gênero Raça e Classe Mulheres Labor Drug Market Incarceration Determinants of Gender Ace and Class Women CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::SERVICO SOCIAL |
| title_short |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| title_full |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| title_fullStr |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| title_sort |
Despossuídas do século XXI : mulheres no mercado de drogas no Brasil na última década (2006-2016) |
| author |
Duarte, Joana das Flores |
| author_facet |
Duarte, Joana das Flores |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Grossi, Patrícia Krieger |
| dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4275343111687273 |
| dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7050328398578647 |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Duarte, Joana das Flores |
| contributor_str_mv |
Grossi, Patrícia Krieger |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Trabalho Mercado de Drogas Encarceramento Determinantes de Gênero Raça e Classe Mulheres |
| topic |
Trabalho Mercado de Drogas Encarceramento Determinantes de Gênero Raça e Classe Mulheres Labor Drug Market Incarceration Determinants of Gender Ace and Class Women CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::SERVICO SOCIAL |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Labor Drug Market Incarceration Determinants of Gender Ace and Class Women |
| dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::SERVICO SOCIAL |
| description |
177 years after the publication of Marx (2017) articles in the Gazeta Renana, in the European context, his contribution remains not only current, but necessary to understand social processes in the Latin American and peripheral context. Situating the historicity of the work and the Brazilian reality, the purpose of rescuing it is precisely to show the barbaric face of capitalist accumulation, which is even more acute with regard to people in situations of criminalization by the State. This is because in the condition of violating the law, the woman becomes the object of sanction and punishment, and from her is not only suppressed the right to freedom, but also the right to be a protagonist of resistance, from antagonistic drive to the capitalist mode of production. This means that insofar as the state puts the person in the condition of defendant, the right to conflict against the oppressions of the state and capital society is also withdrawn. Because it is breaking the law, it is now considered a lesser person and therefore unable to be in the field of political disputes and battles. Criminalization and punishment, thus, are not restricted to acts of punishing only through prison, but above all, the political and collective life of the subject. It depoliticizes it to the point of not being seen as a human person, able to still require in the condition of "criminal" a place of respect and rights. The abstract law becomes concrete through its negation, that is, the woman prisoner only knows the rule of law when it violates her system of legal norms, so her punitive face is made by making her legally and criminally dispossessed. In addressing drug trafficking as a market, we affirm that it is based on an invisible workforce regarding the guarantee and enforceability of rights, not only that, but liable to criminalization. Thus, men and women, mostly young, black, with low education and survivors of the slums and peripheries, now occupy this illicit and informal work space formed in their spatialities. The illicit is the legal guarantee of capital control over them, because thus the appropriation and exploitation of the labor force occurs under two imminent risks: death and imprisonment. Given the legal and criminal structure, it is necessary to apply it in time and space, so it is necessary that subjects and places match the proposal of segregation and criminalization. Given this context, the thesis problem was: How are the determinants of gender, class and race expressed in the imprisonment of women arrested for drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil? The general objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of the determinants of gender, class and race in the imprisonment of women for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. Regarding the specific objectives, we highlight: a) To identify the relationship between unemployment and the entry of women into drug trafficking in productions linked to graduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016), in the Brazil; b) Identify the discourses on the insertion of these women arrested for drug trafficking in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs in federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. c) examine the determinants of class, race and gender present in the production of theses and dissertations linked to postgraduate programs at federal and state universities in the last decade (2006-2016) in Brazil. We opted for postgraduate productions (dissertations and theses), from federal and state universities, in the five regions of the country, between 2006-2016, whose main research theme was the entry of women in the informal market. and illicit drugs. The search was performed at the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) with the descriptor “Women and Drug Trafficking”. There were 91 productions that were reduced to 12 productions based on the criteria listed, which had interviews with women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking. The material analysis process was performed based on the questions formulated by Volóchinov (2017, p. 220). This process was subdivided into 4 moments: I) reading and filing each material guided by the script, which consisted of analyzing the expectations that the speakers (reader) have regarding the comprehension of what they say to the interlocutors ( here authors); II) reading the file and articulation with the keywords of each text and the intentions of the interlocutors; III) access to the interview script of each production, its relation with the general objective of the respective text, situating the analysis of the existing dialogue between a current discourse with other discourses of the past; IV) main categories emerged after the previous stages and dialogical analysis of a present discourse with discourses that it raises in the future; and V) access to women's narratives from categories and the analysis of statements in concrete communicative contexts. The results showed that the analyzed productions about women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking, in this thesis, although they advance in the denunciation of living conditions and violations of human rights, do not radicalize in the critique of the discourse that there is a female crime, which in terms of science and knowledge production tends to reinforce oppressive and expropriating structures by seeking to define a type of criminal woman. These multiple definitions of entering the drug market individually read, sometimes for love, sometimes for autonomy, sometimes for material need, separate the reality of these women from the social relations of production and reproduction of capital, because they focus mainly on the positivist perspective of the drug´s deviant behavior, rather than focusing on the system as an expression of the contradictory combination of progress and destruction. That said, based on this research, we sought to state that women who are in the drug market today do not enter in isolation for purely subjective, affective and / or family reasons. There must be a real demand, sustained in their material needs of life and existence, which according to them is a central reason for entry. Trafficking would not be sustained by the perfidy of the idea of entering only by power and command, because this place is not for everyone. It is necessary to understand that these women correspond to a mass of informal unemployed, with low education, young and non-young, mostly black, rejected by the capital, from the point of view of the assured labor relations, a situation that most of them are generationally unaware of, becoming the dispossessed of the 21st century. |
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2019 |
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2019-12-19T14:29:23Z |
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2019-11-18 |
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por |
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por |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social |
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PUCRS |
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Brasil |
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Escola de Humanidades |
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Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
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