Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
Texto Completo: | http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8396 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in childhood. It is a heterogenous and complex disease, and is associated with internal and external factors. Individual characteristics and different lifestyles cause different forms of asthma impact and disease control measures make it possible to live with asthma adequately, that is, with quality of life. The elements related to the quality of life of asthmatics include physical, emotional, sociability and learning aspects; however, besides these items, the practice of physical activity and the nutritional condition are also related to the disease and impact or are impacted by it. Knowing the prevalence of asthma, its particularities and possible regional differences are important to create strategies for improvements in clinical care and quality of life of patients. Objective: To compare the prevalence of asthma and the impact of the disease on the quality of life of asthmatic schoolchildren in two urban centers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were children and adolescents enrolled in primary education in the cities of Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, aged between 8 and 16 years. The study was divided into two phases, the first to determine the prevalence and the second to assess the impact of the disease. To collect data, we used the standard ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children), economic classification questionnaire, generic and specific KINDL (Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen), and physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and spirometry tests were also performed. The categorical data were presented by absolute and relative frequencies and analyzed by the chi-square test. The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation and analyzed by the Student t test. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: In Phase I of the study, 2.500 and 1.975 students participated in Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, respectively. The prevalence of asthma was 28,6% in Porto Alegre/RS (POA) and 16.1% in Caxias do Sul/RS (CXS). For the second phase, asthmatic schoolchildren were divided into: POA group (n = 290) and CXS group (n = 266). Females were 51,7% and 51,9%, respectively, in the POA and CXS groups, with a mean age between 10 and 11 years. In the comparison between groups of asthmatics in the cities, the results presented better economic and educational conditions of the parents in the CXS Group (p <0.001). The body mass index was similar between the groups, and the use of the criterion of classification of the waist and height ratio indicated 31,6% of the students of the CXS Group with high health risk (p <0.001). The mean time in front of the screens was 5 hours/day, and in the classification of the physical activity profile, 54,9% of the asthmatic students of the CXS Group were considered sedentary, whereas in the POA Group this percentage was 43,1%. The quality of life indexes of asthmatic schoolchildren were higher in the CXS Group. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of asthma in POA is associated with urbanization and its elements, such as: agglomeration of people, pollution and lower socioeconomic levels. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with poor physical activity at the time spent by the student in front of the screens, although schoolchildren consider their health to be adequate. In addition, quality of life also appears to be related to cultural, social and economic phenomena, which lead to inadequate nutritional conditions, sedentary lifestyle and a strong risk to the health of children and adolescents. New studies need to be conducted to better understand the disease and implement more effective public health programs. |
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Jones, Marcus Herberthttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2057491798074403Pitrez, Paulo Márcio Condessahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6731821353792634http://lattes.cnpq.br/2340234461009114Dal Molin, Rossano Sartori2018-12-28T11:41:51Z2018-08-28http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8396Introduction: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in childhood. It is a heterogenous and complex disease, and is associated with internal and external factors. Individual characteristics and different lifestyles cause different forms of asthma impact and disease control measures make it possible to live with asthma adequately, that is, with quality of life. The elements related to the quality of life of asthmatics include physical, emotional, sociability and learning aspects; however, besides these items, the practice of physical activity and the nutritional condition are also related to the disease and impact or are impacted by it. Knowing the prevalence of asthma, its particularities and possible regional differences are important to create strategies for improvements in clinical care and quality of life of patients. Objective: To compare the prevalence of asthma and the impact of the disease on the quality of life of asthmatic schoolchildren in two urban centers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were children and adolescents enrolled in primary education in the cities of Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, aged between 8 and 16 years. The study was divided into two phases, the first to determine the prevalence and the second to assess the impact of the disease. To collect data, we used the standard ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children), economic classification questionnaire, generic and specific KINDL (Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen), and physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and spirometry tests were also performed. The categorical data were presented by absolute and relative frequencies and analyzed by the chi-square test. The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation and analyzed by the Student t test. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: In Phase I of the study, 2.500 and 1.975 students participated in Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, respectively. The prevalence of asthma was 28,6% in Porto Alegre/RS (POA) and 16.1% in Caxias do Sul/RS (CXS). For the second phase, asthmatic schoolchildren were divided into: POA group (n = 290) and CXS group (n = 266). Females were 51,7% and 51,9%, respectively, in the POA and CXS groups, with a mean age between 10 and 11 years. In the comparison between groups of asthmatics in the cities, the results presented better economic and educational conditions of the parents in the CXS Group (p <0.001). The body mass index was similar between the groups, and the use of the criterion of classification of the waist and height ratio indicated 31,6% of the students of the CXS Group with high health risk (p <0.001). The mean time in front of the screens was 5 hours/day, and in the classification of the physical activity profile, 54,9% of the asthmatic students of the CXS Group were considered sedentary, whereas in the POA Group this percentage was 43,1%. The quality of life indexes of asthmatic schoolchildren were higher in the CXS Group. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of asthma in POA is associated with urbanization and its elements, such as: agglomeration of people, pollution and lower socioeconomic levels. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with poor physical activity at the time spent by the student in front of the screens, although schoolchildren consider their health to be adequate. In addition, quality of life also appears to be related to cultural, social and economic phenomena, which lead to inadequate nutritional conditions, sedentary lifestyle and a strong risk to the health of children and adolescents. New studies need to be conducted to better understand the disease and implement more effective public health programs.Introdução: a asma é uma das doenças crônicas mais prevalentes na infância. É uma doença heterogênea e complexa e está associada a fatores externos e internos. Características individuais e os estilos de vida diferentes causam formas distintas de impacto da asma e as medidas de controle da doença possibilitam conviver com a asma de forma adequada, ou seja, com qualidade de vida. Os elementos relacionados à qualidade de vida dos asmáticos incluem aspectos físicos, emocionais, de sociabilidade e aprendizado, no entanto, além desses itens, a prática de atividade física e a condição nutricional também estão relacionados com a doença e impactam ou são impactados por ela. Conhecer a prevalência da asma, suas particularidades e as possíveis diferenças regionais são importantes para se criarem estratégias de melhorias no atendimento clínico e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: comparar a prevalência da asma e o impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares asmáticos em dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Participaram crianças e adolescentes matriculados no ensino fundamental das cidades de Porto Alegre/RS e Caxias do Sul/RS, com idades entre 8 e 16 anos. O estudo foi dividido em duas fases: a primeira para determinar a prevalência e a segunda para avaliar o impacto da doença na qualidade de vida. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário padrão ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children), questionário de classificação econômica, KINDL (Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen) QV-genérico e específico e questionário sobre atividade física. Foram realizados também medidas antropométricas e teste de espirometria. Os dados categóricos foram apresentados por frequências absolutas e relativas e analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado. As variáveis contínuas foram representadas por média e desvio-padrão e analisadas pelo teste de t de Student. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas para um p<0,05. Resultados: na Fase I do estudo, participaram em Porto Alegre/RS e Caxias do Sul/RS, respectivamente 2.500 e 1.975 escolares. A prevalência de asma foi de 28,6% em Porto Alegre/RS (POA) e de 16,1% Caxias do Sul/RS (CXS). Para a segunda fase, os escolares asmáticos foram divididos em: Grupo POA (n=290) e Grupo CXS (n=266). Sexo feminino foram 51,7% e 51,9% respectivamente, nos Grupos POA e CXS, com idade média entre 10 e 11 anos. Na comparação entre os grupos de asmáticos das cidades, os resultados apresentaram melhores condições econômicas e de escolaridade dos pais no Grupo CXS (p<0,001). O índice de massa corpórea foi semelhante entres os grupos, e a utilização de critério de classificação da relação cintura e estatura apontou 31,6% dos escolares do Grupo CXS com alto risco à saúde (p<0,001). O tempo médio em frente às telas foi de cinco horas/dia, e na classificação do perfil de atividade física, 54,9% dos escolares asmáticos do Grupo CXS foram considerados sedentários, enquanto que no Grupo POA esse percentual foi de 43,1%. Os índices de qualidade de vida dos escolares asmáticos foram maiores no Grupo CXS. Conclusão: a prevalência aumentada de asma em POA está associada com a urbanização e seus elementos, como: aglomeração de pessoas, poluição e menores níveis socioeconômicos. O sedentarismo está associado à baixa prática de atividade física e ao tempo dispendido pelo escolar frente às telas. Além disso, a qualidade de vida também parece ter relação aos fenômenos culturais, sociais e econômicos, que trazem condições nutricionais inadequadas, estilo de vida sedentário e um forte risco na saúde das crianças e adolescentes. Novos estudos necessitam ser realizados para melhor entendimento da doença e implementação de programas de saúde pública mais eficazes.Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Saúde da Criança (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-12-26T18:35:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado versão de entrega após banca com artigo e revisão de ortografia final (1).pdf: 3465293 bytes, checksum: 0d4ed78f9de469642db33ba9bf652353 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-12-28T11:13:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado versão de entrega após banca com artigo e revisão de ortografia final (1).pdf: 3465293 bytes, checksum: 0d4ed78f9de469642db33ba9bf652353 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-28T11:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado versão de entrega após banca com artigo e revisão de ortografia final (1).pdf: 3465293 bytes, checksum: 0d4ed78f9de469642db33ba9bf652353 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucrs.br:80/tede2/retrieve/173815/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpghttps://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/retrieve/189593/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/Pediatria e Saúde da CriançaPUCRSBrasilEscola de MedicinaAsmaPrevalênciaCriançaAdolescenteQualidade de VidaAsthmaPrevalenceChildTeenagerQuality of LifeCIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINAComparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sulinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisTrabalho será publicado como artigo ou livro60 meses28/12/2023557290555552975733500500500600-224747486637135387-9693694523087866273590462550136975366info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RSinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)instacron:PUC_RSORIGINALTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdfTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdfapplication/pdf3465293https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/5/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf0d4ed78f9de469642db33ba9bf652353MD55THUMBNAILTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpgTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg4087https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/4/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpgd4aee322c299203383d6170dfa2c5b52MD54TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg6421https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/7/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgc85d4682b7e05e817596b062d366f640MD57TEXTTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txtTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txttext/plain1147https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/3/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txt204e48ede516c8b43c65a98abfed1f5cMD53TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.txtTES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.txttext/plain142564https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/6/TES_ROSSANO_SARTORI_DAL_MOLIN_COMPLETO.pdf.txt097e9b796e943b6d6de32ed244326130MD56LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8590https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/8396/1/license.txt220e11f2d3ba5354f917c7035aadef24MD51tede/83962024-01-04 20:00:14.89oai:tede2.pucrs.br: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/PRIhttps://tede2.pucrs.br/oai/requestbiblioteca.central@pucrs.br||opendoar:2024-01-04T22:00:14Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
title |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
spellingShingle |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul Dal Molin, Rossano Sartori Asma Prevalência Criança Adolescente Qualidade de Vida Asthma Prevalence Child Teenager Quality of Life CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA |
title_short |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
title_full |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
title_fullStr |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
title_sort |
Comparação da prevalência da asma e impacto da doença na qualidade de vida de escolares de dois núcleos urbanos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul |
author |
Dal Molin, Rossano Sartori |
author_facet |
Dal Molin, Rossano Sartori |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Jones, Marcus Herbert |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2057491798074403 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Pitrez, Paulo Márcio Condessa |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6731821353792634 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2340234461009114 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Dal Molin, Rossano Sartori |
contributor_str_mv |
Jones, Marcus Herbert Pitrez, Paulo Márcio Condessa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Asma Prevalência Criança Adolescente Qualidade de Vida |
topic |
Asma Prevalência Criança Adolescente Qualidade de Vida Asthma Prevalence Child Teenager Quality of Life CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Asthma Prevalence Child Teenager Quality of Life |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA |
description |
Introduction: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in childhood. It is a heterogenous and complex disease, and is associated with internal and external factors. Individual characteristics and different lifestyles cause different forms of asthma impact and disease control measures make it possible to live with asthma adequately, that is, with quality of life. The elements related to the quality of life of asthmatics include physical, emotional, sociability and learning aspects; however, besides these items, the practice of physical activity and the nutritional condition are also related to the disease and impact or are impacted by it. Knowing the prevalence of asthma, its particularities and possible regional differences are important to create strategies for improvements in clinical care and quality of life of patients. Objective: To compare the prevalence of asthma and the impact of the disease on the quality of life of asthmatic schoolchildren in two urban centers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were children and adolescents enrolled in primary education in the cities of Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, aged between 8 and 16 years. The study was divided into two phases, the first to determine the prevalence and the second to assess the impact of the disease. To collect data, we used the standard ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children), economic classification questionnaire, generic and specific KINDL (Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen), and physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and spirometry tests were also performed. The categorical data were presented by absolute and relative frequencies and analyzed by the chi-square test. The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation and analyzed by the Student t test. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results: In Phase I of the study, 2.500 and 1.975 students participated in Porto Alegre/RS and Caxias do Sul/RS, respectively. The prevalence of asthma was 28,6% in Porto Alegre/RS (POA) and 16.1% in Caxias do Sul/RS (CXS). For the second phase, asthmatic schoolchildren were divided into: POA group (n = 290) and CXS group (n = 266). Females were 51,7% and 51,9%, respectively, in the POA and CXS groups, with a mean age between 10 and 11 years. In the comparison between groups of asthmatics in the cities, the results presented better economic and educational conditions of the parents in the CXS Group (p <0.001). The body mass index was similar between the groups, and the use of the criterion of classification of the waist and height ratio indicated 31,6% of the students of the CXS Group with high health risk (p <0.001). The mean time in front of the screens was 5 hours/day, and in the classification of the physical activity profile, 54,9% of the asthmatic students of the CXS Group were considered sedentary, whereas in the POA Group this percentage was 43,1%. The quality of life indexes of asthmatic schoolchildren were higher in the CXS Group. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of asthma in POA is associated with urbanization and its elements, such as: agglomeration of people, pollution and lower socioeconomic levels. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with poor physical activity at the time spent by the student in front of the screens, although schoolchildren consider their health to be adequate. In addition, quality of life also appears to be related to cultural, social and economic phenomena, which lead to inadequate nutritional conditions, sedentary lifestyle and a strong risk to the health of children and adolescents. New studies need to be conducted to better understand the disease and implement more effective public health programs. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2018-12-28T11:41:51Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-08-28 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8396 |
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http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8396 |
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por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.program.fl_str_mv |
557290555552975733 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
500 500 500 600 |
dc.relation.department.fl_str_mv |
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dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
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3590462550136975366 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/Pediatria e Saúde da Criança |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
PUCRS |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Escola de Medicina |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) instacron:PUC_RS |
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