Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae)
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
Texto Completo: | http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9226 |
Resumo: | Claws are important structures in the life of arthropods, helping not only in attachment, but also in food capture, copulation behavior and handling materials for the construction of shelters or traps. In spiders, a polyphyletic group known as Dionycha is characterized by having only two tarsal claws (or a third, extremely reduced) and setae to adhere on smooth surfaces. Within this group is Thomisidae, the seventh largest family of spiders in the world, whose species are ambush hunters who have specialization for capturing prey on their front legs (I and II) and forage, mostly, on aerial parts in plants. Several Thomisidae species show a reduction or absence of these adhesive setae, suggesting that the claw plays the main role in fixing these animals to the substrate. The objective of this study was to compare the morphology of the claws between species in an evolutionary context, to test the existence of sexual dimorphism, to evaluate the morphology of the claws among different legs, to verify the existence of a phylogenetic signal in the morphology of the claws and to test its correlation with the forage substrate of the species. Our results suggest that the morphology of the claws vary only at genus level, with close genera also maintaining several characteristics in common. As expected, due to the high sexual dimorphism in most Thomisidae species, sexual dimorphism was detected in the claws of all analyzed genera. In general, the morphology of the claws corresponds to the pattern described for the legs in the literature for most Thomisidae species: forelimbs (I and II) proportionally larger than the hindlimbs (III and IV). The claws of the forelimbs are larger and less curved than the claws of the hindlimbs. Different from expected, only mesial claws of legs I and II showed a phylogenetic signal greater than that expected at random; an ambiguous result, once most phylogenetically close species and genera did not show significant difference when comparing the claw morphology. Correlation with substrate has been reported for ectal claw of leg I and for mesial claws of legs II, III and IV. However, these results do not seem to correspond to an existing biological pattern, and, considering that species with different claw shapes can forage on the same substrate, we conclude that the claw shape is not correlated with the foraging substrate by itself. |
id |
P_RS_c2a2c89b5afad7c34467444f621d3e5e |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/9226 |
network_acronym_str |
P_RS |
network_name_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Teixeira, Renato Augustohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2294147973818476Marques, Jayme Massim2020-08-12T12:27:50Z2020-03-27http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9226Claws are important structures in the life of arthropods, helping not only in attachment, but also in food capture, copulation behavior and handling materials for the construction of shelters or traps. In spiders, a polyphyletic group known as Dionycha is characterized by having only two tarsal claws (or a third, extremely reduced) and setae to adhere on smooth surfaces. Within this group is Thomisidae, the seventh largest family of spiders in the world, whose species are ambush hunters who have specialization for capturing prey on their front legs (I and II) and forage, mostly, on aerial parts in plants. Several Thomisidae species show a reduction or absence of these adhesive setae, suggesting that the claw plays the main role in fixing these animals to the substrate. The objective of this study was to compare the morphology of the claws between species in an evolutionary context, to test the existence of sexual dimorphism, to evaluate the morphology of the claws among different legs, to verify the existence of a phylogenetic signal in the morphology of the claws and to test its correlation with the forage substrate of the species. Our results suggest that the morphology of the claws vary only at genus level, with close genera also maintaining several characteristics in common. As expected, due to the high sexual dimorphism in most Thomisidae species, sexual dimorphism was detected in the claws of all analyzed genera. In general, the morphology of the claws corresponds to the pattern described for the legs in the literature for most Thomisidae species: forelimbs (I and II) proportionally larger than the hindlimbs (III and IV). The claws of the forelimbs are larger and less curved than the claws of the hindlimbs. Different from expected, only mesial claws of legs I and II showed a phylogenetic signal greater than that expected at random; an ambiguous result, once most phylogenetically close species and genera did not show significant difference when comparing the claw morphology. Correlation with substrate has been reported for ectal claw of leg I and for mesial claws of legs II, III and IV. However, these results do not seem to correspond to an existing biological pattern, and, considering that species with different claw shapes can forage on the same substrate, we conclude that the claw shape is not correlated with the foraging substrate by itself.As garras são importantes estruturas na vida dos artrópodes, auxiliando não apenas na fixação, mas também na captura de alimento, no comportamento de cópula e na manipulação de materiais para a construção de abrigos ou armadilhas. Em aranhas, um grupo polifilético conhecido como Dionycha é caracterizado por possuir somente duas garras tarsais (ou uma terceira, extremamente reduzida) e cerdas para adesão a superfícies lisas. Dentro deste grupo encontra-se Thomisidae, a sétima maior família de aranhas do mundo, cujas espécies são caçadoras de emboscada que possuem especializações para captura de presas em suas pernas dianteiras (I e II) e forrageiam, em sua maioria, sobre partes aéreas em plantas. Muitas espécies em Thomisidae apresentam redução ou ausência destas cerdas adesivas, sugerindo que a garra exerce o papel principal na fixação destes animais no substrato. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a morfologia das garras entre espécies em um contexto evolutivo, testar a existência de dimorfismo sexual, avaliar a morfologia das garras entre diferentes pernas, verificar a existência de sinal filogenético na morfologia das garras e testar sua correlação com o substrato de forrageiro das espécies. Nossos resultados sugerem que a morfologia das garras varia apenas a nível de genérico, com gêneros próximos também mantendo diversas características em comum. Como esperado, devido ao alto dimorfismo sexual na maioria das espécies de Thomisidae, o dimorfismo sexual foi detectado nas garras de todos os gêneros analisados. Em geral, a morfologia das garras corresponde ao padrão descrito para as pernas na literatura para maioria das espécies de Thomisidae: membros anteriores (I e II) proporcionalmente maiores que os membros posteriores (III e IV). As garras dos membros anteriores são maiores e menos curvas que as garras dos membros posteriores. Diferente do esperado, apenas garras mesiais das pernas I e II apresentaram sinal filogenético maior que o esperado ao acaso; um resultado ambíguo, uma vez que a maioria das espécies e gêneros filogeneticamente próximos não apresentaram diferença significativa na comparação da morfologia das garras. A correlação com substrato foi relatada para garra ectal da perna I e para as garras mesias das pernas II, III e IV. Contudo, estes resultados parecem não corresponder a um padrão biológico existente, e, considerando que espécies com formas diferentes de garras podem forragear no mesmo substrato, concluímos que a forma das garras não está correlacionada com o substrato forrageiro por si só.Submitted by PPG Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade (eebpg@pucrs.br) on 2020-06-10T12:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_de_Mestrado_Jayme_Massim_Marques.pdf: 20271374 bytes, checksum: e274bc16910358566af5193d68787208 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Clarissa Selbach (clarissa.selbach@pucrs.br) on 2020-08-12T12:21:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_de_Mestrado_Jayme_Massim_Marques.pdf: 20271374 bytes, checksum: e274bc16910358566af5193d68787208 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-12T12:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_de_Mestrado_Jayme_Massim_Marques.pdf: 20271374 bytes, checksum: e274bc16910358566af5193d68787208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-27Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucrs.br:80/tede2/retrieve/178603/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpghttps://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/retrieve/184870/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPrograma de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da BiodiversidadePUCRSBrasilEscola de Ciências da Saúde e da VidaEvoluçãoMorfometria geométricaMorfologia comparadaMétodos comparativos filogenéticosEvolutionGeometric morphometricComparative morphologyPhylogenetic comparative methodsCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIAMorphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTrabalho será publicado como artigo ou livro24 meses12/08/2022-64826523806012675585006001802873727776104890info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RSinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)instacron:PUC_RSORIGINALDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdfDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdfapplication/pdf6411376https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/5/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdfa249913f221c77efb37efbd83a533eacMD55THUMBNAILDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpgDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg4095https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/4/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpg0263338bbd70588698c9102d817ac351MD54DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg5844https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/7/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.jpg3634d8ef2c1e1703d3ad8c48a847a282MD57TEXTDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txtDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txttext/plain1618https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/3/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txt0597a17a9586ec67913ebd491beb35a7MD53DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.txtDIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.txttext/plain120546https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/6/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.txtffa8cde4184ac43f9c9b28250ee1ca9aMD56LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8590https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/1/license.txt220e11f2d3ba5354f917c7035aadef24MD51tede/92262022-08-15 12:00:13.57oai:tede2.pucrs.br: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/PRIhttps://tede2.pucrs.br/oai/requestbiblioteca.central@pucrs.br||opendoar:2022-08-15T15:00:13Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
title |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
spellingShingle |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) Marques, Jayme Massim Evolução Morfometria geométrica Morfologia comparada Métodos comparativos filogenéticos Evolution Geometric morphometric Comparative morphology Phylogenetic comparative methods CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
title_short |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
title_full |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
title_fullStr |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
title_sort |
Morphological and macroevolutionary analysis of tarsal claws in crab spiders (Thomisidae) |
author |
Marques, Jayme Massim |
author_facet |
Marques, Jayme Massim |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Teixeira, Renato Augusto |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294147973818476 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Marques, Jayme Massim |
contributor_str_mv |
Teixeira, Renato Augusto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Evolução Morfometria geométrica Morfologia comparada Métodos comparativos filogenéticos |
topic |
Evolução Morfometria geométrica Morfologia comparada Métodos comparativos filogenéticos Evolution Geometric morphometric Comparative morphology Phylogenetic comparative methods CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Evolution Geometric morphometric Comparative morphology Phylogenetic comparative methods |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
description |
Claws are important structures in the life of arthropods, helping not only in attachment, but also in food capture, copulation behavior and handling materials for the construction of shelters or traps. In spiders, a polyphyletic group known as Dionycha is characterized by having only two tarsal claws (or a third, extremely reduced) and setae to adhere on smooth surfaces. Within this group is Thomisidae, the seventh largest family of spiders in the world, whose species are ambush hunters who have specialization for capturing prey on their front legs (I and II) and forage, mostly, on aerial parts in plants. Several Thomisidae species show a reduction or absence of these adhesive setae, suggesting that the claw plays the main role in fixing these animals to the substrate. The objective of this study was to compare the morphology of the claws between species in an evolutionary context, to test the existence of sexual dimorphism, to evaluate the morphology of the claws among different legs, to verify the existence of a phylogenetic signal in the morphology of the claws and to test its correlation with the forage substrate of the species. Our results suggest that the morphology of the claws vary only at genus level, with close genera also maintaining several characteristics in common. As expected, due to the high sexual dimorphism in most Thomisidae species, sexual dimorphism was detected in the claws of all analyzed genera. In general, the morphology of the claws corresponds to the pattern described for the legs in the literature for most Thomisidae species: forelimbs (I and II) proportionally larger than the hindlimbs (III and IV). The claws of the forelimbs are larger and less curved than the claws of the hindlimbs. Different from expected, only mesial claws of legs I and II showed a phylogenetic signal greater than that expected at random; an ambiguous result, once most phylogenetically close species and genera did not show significant difference when comparing the claw morphology. Correlation with substrate has been reported for ectal claw of leg I and for mesial claws of legs II, III and IV. However, these results do not seem to correspond to an existing biological pattern, and, considering that species with different claw shapes can forage on the same substrate, we conclude that the claw shape is not correlated with the foraging substrate by itself. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2020-08-12T12:27:50Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2020-03-27 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9226 |
url |
http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9226 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
-6482652380601267558 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
500 600 |
dc.relation.sponsorship.fl_str_mv |
1802873727776104890 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
PUCRS |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) instacron:PUC_RS |
instname_str |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) |
instacron_str |
PUC_RS |
institution |
PUC_RS |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/5/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/4/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.jpg https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/7/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.jpg https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/3/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_CONFIDENCIAL.pdf.txt https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/6/DIS_JAYME_MASSIM_MARQUES_COMPLETO.pdf.txt https://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/9226/1/license.txt |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
a249913f221c77efb37efbd83a533eac 0263338bbd70588698c9102d817ac351 3634d8ef2c1e1703d3ad8c48a847a282 0597a17a9586ec67913ebd491beb35a7 ffa8cde4184ac43f9c9b28250ee1ca9a 220e11f2d3ba5354f917c7035aadef24 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
biblioteca.central@pucrs.br|| |
_version_ |
1799765345453473792 |